Background: So far, there is paucity of information about quality of breads available in Ethiopian bakeries. The aim of this study was to assess the proximate composition and some selected nutrient composition of wheat breads baked in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Methods: Totally, 54 fresh loaves of wheat bread were randomly taken from 18 bakeries (three from each one) in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia...

In the UK, since the mid 1980s, supermarkets have accounted for an increasing volume of bread production. Occupational asthma among employees who produce bread from raw ingredients in supermarkets has not been previously investigated. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken involving 239 (71%) employees from 20 different supermarket bakeries. The work-related symptoms were investigated by using...

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitization to dust components in 224 individuals in 18 small bakeries in Scotland. Each work practice in the bakeries was characterized by an assessment of dust exposure and assigned to a category with either a direct exposure to flour dust of an indirect exposure to flour dust. We found that work-related resp...

As part of an epidemiological study among workers exposed to flour total dust and flour aeroallergen concentrations were measured with personal samplers over a workshift in three large bakeries and four flour mills and packing stations. In the bakeries geometric means for total dust concentrations ranged from 0.4 mg/m3 in the bread wrapping area up to 6.4 mg/m3 at the dough brake. The flour aer...

Previous studies on the relationship of local food environment with residents' diets have relied exclusively on self-reported information on diet, producing inconsistent results. Evaluation of dietary intake using biomarkers may obviate the biases inherent to the use of self-reported dietary information. This cross-sectional study examined the association between neighbourhood food store availa...

Background: Today some bakeries for artificially production of bread in order to production process expedition and compensating defects that created by unnatural fermentation and as well as undesirable quality of flour. For cover superficial defects of bread use of harmful chemical material such as soda, that can cause health problems. The aim of this study is determination of soda and salt amo...

Mekânsal düzenlemeler, kentsel ya da mimari olsun, tarih boyunca ve değişik kültürlerde, kadın erkek arasındaki eşitsizliği kuvvetlendirecek biçimde ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri erkeğin kent mekânını farklı deneyimlemesine sebep olmuş, kamusal alanlar ağırlıklı kullanıma ayrılırken, özel alanla ilişkilendirilmiştir. 21. yüzyıla gelene kadar mekânsal uzam açısından arasında bir e...