Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) cleaves terminal sialic acid residues on oligosaccharide chains that are receptors for virus binding, thus playing an important role in the release of virions from infected cells to promote the spread of cell-to-cell infection. In addition, NA plays a role at the initial stage of viral infection in the respiratory tract by degrading hemagglutination inhibitors...

introduction: in recent decades, excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental problems such as water resource pollution and decrease in soil fertility. organic matters are excellent sources of plant-available nutrients and their addition to soil could maintain high microbial populations and activities. in crop studies, prabha et al. (2007) reported that there was excellent plant g...

Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, including the zero-dimensional nanospheres, one dimensional nanorods, and two-dimensional nanoplates. Compared to zero or one dimensional nanostructures, the synthesis of two-dimensional nanostructures in high yield has always been more involved, often requiring complex and timeconsuming steps such as mor...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on linking soil community structure, diversity, or specific taxa to disturbances. Relatively little attention has been directed to crop monoculture soils, particularly potato monoculture. Information about microbial community changes over time between monoculture and non-monoculture treatments is lacking. Furthermore, few studies have examined microbial ...

Fertilizer regimes have profound effects on crop yield, soil fertility, and microbial community structure. However, the impacts of partially substituting mineral nitrogen (N) with organic N and/or controlled-release combining micronutrient fertilizers properties communities are still unclear in double-rice systems. The objective this study was to compare rice nutrient condition, bacterial alpha...