BACKGROUND AND AIMS The colonic epithelium plays a key role in host defence. During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to elevated bacterial translocation and exacerbation of inflammation. We previously documented perturbation of epithelial function, in terms of secretion and as a barrier to bacterial translocation, that persisted long after resolution of a bout of colitis in the...

The colonic mucus layer serves as an important barrier and prevents colonic bacteria from invading the mucosa and cause inflammation. The regulation of colonic mucus secretion is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the mucus barrier in induction of colitis. Furthermore, regulation of mucus secretion by luminal bacterial products was studied. The colon of anes...

BACKGROUND Existing animal models provide only indirect information about the pathogenesis of infections caused by indigenous gastrointestinal microflora and the kinetics of bacterial translocation. The aim of this study was to develop a novel animal model to assess bacterial translocation and intestinal barrier function in vivo. METHODS In anaesthetized male Wistar rats, 0.5 ml of a suspensi...

Electron microscopes have been widely used to investigate cell structures under high resolution. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides tridimensional images of a cell surface, while a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is commonly employed to observe the internal structure changes of host cells after bacterial adherence and invasion. The SEM and TEM can reveal bacterial location, bi...

The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of many pharmacological agents into the brain parenchyma. Bacterial glycopeptides induce enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability when they are present in the subarachnoid space during meningitis. By presenting such glycopeptides intravenously, blood-brain barrier permeability in rabbits was enhanced in a reversible time- and dose-dependent manner ...

Background A major obstacle to achieving effective DNA-based therapeutics is efficient delivery of the DNA to its site of action in the cell. Upon internalization by endocytosis, the endosomal membrane represents a critical physical barrier preventing access of DNA to the cell cytosol. In order to overcome the membrane barrier and facilitate cytosolic entry, the endosomolytic bacterial protein ...

Bacterial adhesion to host receptors is an early and essential step in bacterial colonization, and the nature of adhesin-receptor interactions determines bacterial localization and thus the outcome of these interactions. Here, we determined the host receptors for the multivalent adhesion molecule (MAM) from the gut commensal Escherichia coli HS (MAMHS), which contains an array of seven mammalia...

OBJECTIVE Mardin is an area of low socioeconomic level with low rates of contraceptive method use. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effects of the contraceptive methods used in the area on epithelial cell abnormalities and vaginal flora changes. MATERIAL AND METHOD Cervical smear samples received at the Pathology Department between 2010 and 2012 of 526 patients who had used a contrac...

INTRODUCTION Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been suggested as an effective material for apical barrier, forming an effective seal against bacterial leakage in teeth with open apices. MTA needs moisture for setting; which can come from the apical region or a moist cotton pellet. This study was intended to compare bacterial leakage in one- and two-step MTA apical barrier technique in open a...

Bacterial vaginal infections are one of the least understood in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group. This is cross sectional study undertaken done to determine prevalence bacterial flora perimenopuasal diabetic non women attending Sree Balaji medical college Hospital. Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus were significantly more poorly controlled diabetics than those who under control....