‎in this paper a nonlinear backward parabolic problem in one‎ ‎dimensional space is considered‎. ‎using a suitable iterative‎ ‎algorithm‎, ‎the problem is converted to a linear backward parabolic‎ ‎problem‎. ‎for the corresponding problem‎, ‎the backward finite‎ ‎differences method with suitable grid size is applied‎. ‎it is shown‎ ‎that if the coefficients satisfy some special conditions‎, ‎th...

In this paper, we consider the construction of a new class of numerical methods based on the backward differentiation formulas (BDFs) that be equipped by including two off--step points. We represent these methods from general linear methods (GLMs) point of view which provides an easy process to improve their stability properties and implementation in a variable stepsize mode. These superioritie...

Backward induction is a benchmark of game theoretic rationality, yet surprisingly little is known as to how humans discover and initially learn to apply this abstract solution concept in experimental settings. We use behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to study the way in which subjects playing in a sequential game of perfect information learn the optimal backward i...

Abstract Recently a regular (unconditional) decision process has been mathematically formulated from the multistage decision process in Bellman and Zadeh's paper "Decision-making in a fuzzy environment". According to the available information on total fuzziness, we propose two types of conditional decision process for regular decision process. One is an "a posteriori conditional decision proces...

We consider a multi-type Moran model (in continuous time) with selection and typedependent mutation. This paper is concerned with the evolution of genealogical information forward in time. For this purpose we define and analytically characterize a pathvalued Markov process that contains in its state at time t the extended ancestral lines (adding genealogical distances) of the population alive a...

application of backward probability method in pollutant source tracking in non-uniform flow riversalireza ghanem.sc. student of water structures, tarbiat modares university, tehranmehdi mazaheri assistant prof., department of water structures, tarbiat modares university, tehranjamal mohammad vali samaniprofessor, department of water structures, tarbiat modares university, tehranintroductionriv...

The Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC) framework for workflow specification, verification and management captures workflows transaction-like behavior for long lasting processes. FlowBack is an advanced prototype functionally enhancing an existing workflow management system by providing process backward recovery. It is based on extensive theoretical research ([3],[4],[5],[6],[8],[9]), ...