Energy storing tendons, such as the human Achilles and equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), are highly prone to injury, the incidence of which increases with ageing. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in increased injury in aged tendons are not well established, but are thought to result in altered matrix turnover. However, little attempt has been made to fully charac...

By adopting a divide-and-conquer strategy, subsystem-DFT (sDFT) can dramatically reduce the computational cost of large-scale electronic structure calculations. The key ingredients sDFT are nonadditive kinetic energy and exchange-correlation functionals which dominate it's accuracy. Even though, semilocal find broad range applications, their accuracy is somewhat limited especially for those sys...

introduction: topographic anatomy of the tendons and ligaments in healthy cases provides a normal atlas to diagnose abnormalities. the aim of this study was to provide ultrasonography description of the palmar tendons and ligaments of the anatoly donkey. methods: the metacarpal regions of 6 healthy anatoly donkeys were prepared for ultrasonography and divided to 6 levels (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b...

Objective- The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and ultrasonographic alterations in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of  horses with collagenase-induced tendinitis. Design- Experimental study.   Animals- Five clinically normal adult horse.   Procedures- Two thousand units of collagenase were injected in the center of the SDFT of forelimbs of each horse under ultrasou...

Excessive axial tension is very likely involved in the aetiology of tendon lesions, and the most appropriate indicator of tendon stress state is the true stress, the ratio of instantaneous load to instantaneous cross-sectional area (CSA). Difficulties to measure tendon CSA during tension often led to approximate true stress by assuming that CSA is constant during loading (i.e. by the engineerin...

Equine tendon injuries have been recognized and treated for centuries. In early American texts, poor conformation was considered a primary risk factor. “Tied-in” at the knees and long, weak, and slender pasterns were thought to predispose the horse to injury because of mechanical disadvantage. Any trait that favored fetlock extension such as low heels and long toes was thought to increase a hor...

Site density functional theory (SDFT) provides a rigorous framework for statistical mechanics analysis of inhomogeneous molecular liquids. The key defining feature these systems is the presence two very distinct interactions scales (intra- and inter-molecular), as such proper description both effects critical to accuracy calculations. Current SDFT applications utilize same approximation scheme ...

The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lyophilized bovine tunica vaginalis powder on peritendinous adhesion induced defect in superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) goats. carried out 18 adult bucks, surgical procedure done under highly aseptic conditions. Prior surgery, animals were sedated by intramuscular injection 2 % xylazine a dose 0.5 mg/kg body weight, then site...