Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) of three-dimensional data is used here to examine mandibular morphology between two species of galagos. Otolemur crassicaudatus consumes primarily exudates, while O. garnettii is more frugivorous. Acquisition of exudates involves either gouging or scraping tree bark, and may involve different forces at the mandible than incising fruits. Previous studies...

A regional optimization of automatically generated machining toolpath for computer based freeform mechanical models is considered in the framework of multi-axis (three to ve) machining operations. Consider a trichotomy of an arbitrary freeform shaped surface into convex, concave and saddle-like regions. Saddle-like and concave regions can be milled using a ball end tool, in a 3or a 5-axis mode....

Thirty-five to 45 percent of low-income American households do not possess a bank account. This statistic coupled with claims of price gouging by check cashers has prompted government intervention. Ifind that state legislation requiring banks to offer low-cost accounts slightly decreases the number of low-income minority unbanked households, but only with a substantial lag. Caps on check-cashin...

By exhaustively reviewing the literature related to marine geohazards, this paper reports on their uncertainties. Examples of geohazards include submarine landslides, fluid flows in underground, scour events, and seabed gouging by ice. Key uncertain variables interest geohazard assessments are identified structured relating a framework defining main generic components any risk description task ...

If one of the surfaces which are in touch is rough and hard, it chips the other surface due to relative motion or touching forces. The wear is called two-body abrasive wear. If there are free abrasive particles between the two bodies, the wear is called three-body abrasive wear. The free abrasive particles may be external material dust or the remains of chipping. Usually, the wear starts as a t...

The paper analyses a particular type of housing arrangement between owner of a housing unit and owner of the land on which it is sited, where the unit is partially or totally immobile. While the focus is on mobile-home parks, the analysis is also applicable to certain condominium and cooperative housing. After exploring reasons for divided asset ownership, the possibility that divided ownership...

In a column whose chosen focus is on ‘business’ and ‘health care in Canada’, we would be remiss to overlook Valeant. The complex narrative of this precipitous fall is just so rich with fodder. While each step in the saga could serve as a springboard for discussion (mergers and acquisitions, short-seller attacks, senate investigations, price gouging, questionable accounting practices, hedge fund...

The ability to separate edible from inedible portions of prey is integral to feeding. However, this is typically overlooked in favour of prey capture as a driving force in the evolution of vertebrate feeding mechanisms. In processing prey, cartilaginous fishes appear handicapped because they lack the pharyngeal jaws of most bony fishes and the muscular tongue and forelimbs of most tetrapods. We...

Free-form surfaces are widely used in CAD systems to describe the part surface. Today, the most advanced machining of free from surfaces is done in five-axis machining using a flat end mill cutter. However, five-axis machining requires complex algorithms for gouging avoidance, collision detection and powerful computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems to support various operations. An accurate ...