Little is known about pesticide exposure among farmworkers, and even less is known about the exposure associated with performing specific farm tasks. Using a random sample of 213 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between occupational task and organophosphate (OP) pesticide residues in dust and OP metabolite concentrations in u...

An approach to an inhibition bioelectronic tongue is presented. The work is focused on development of an automated flow system to carry out experimental assays, a custom potentiostat to measure the response from an enzymatic biosensor, and an inhibition protocol which allows on-line detections. A Multi-commuted Flow Analysis system (MCFA) was selected and developed to carry out assays with an i...

There are few data on pesticide exposures of migrant Latino farmworker children, and access to this vulnerable population is often difficult. In this paper we describe a community-based approach to implement culturally appropriate research methods with a migrant Latino farmworker community in Oregon. Assessments were conducted in 96 farmworker homes and 24 grower homes in two agricultural commu...

Trace residues of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are associated with fruits and vegetables that have been sprayed with those OP pesticides to guard against insect pests. Human dietary exposure to these OP pesticides is commonly estimated by measuring the amount of OP metabolites in urine, assuming a stoichiometric relationship between a metabolite and its parent insecticide. Dialkylphosphates...

the fruit of melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) was extracted with hexane, and its fatty acids methyl ester was analyzed using gc/ms. thirteen components representing 85.1% of the total extract were identified. the major components identified were methyl palmitate (18.8%), methyl linolenate (16.1%) and methyl linoleate (9.8%). the fruits’ extract had a lc50 of 5.5 ppm against the larvae of anophles...

the glass transition temperature of several pvac(1)-b-poly(ma-co-mma) (2) terpolymers with different fractions of methyl acrylate (ma) and methyl methacrylate (mma) repeating units in random copolymer (block 2) were calculated with barton, kwei and topological equations. the calculation was on the basis of the correlation between the fraction of repeating units in random copolymers and theoreti...

Pollinators are essential to Pacific Northwest agriculture Commercially managed honey bees pol-­ linate a variety of crops in the Pacific North-­ west, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-­pollinated crops in the region was approxi-­ mately $1.7 billion (Burgett, 2004). Nation-­ ally, the value...

Guthion, a trade name for azinphos-methyl, is a restricted use organophosphate insecticide that is primarily used as a foliar application against phytophagous insect pests on fruit, field, or vegetable crops and works as both a contact insecticide and a stomach poison. In 2002, the estimated annual agricultural use of guthion had declined to about 1.2 million pounds, nearly a 50% decline from 1...

Analysis of pollen trapped from honey bees as they return to their hives provides a method of monitoring fluctuations in one route of pesticide exposure over location and time. We collected pollen from apiaries in five locations in Connecticut, including urban, rural, and mixed agricultural sites, for periods from two to five years. Pollen was analyzed for pesticide residues using a standard ex...