Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) commonly known as Kala-azar in India is one of the several clinically important infections, where Th1 sub-population of CD4+ T-cells, despite a pre-requisite, fails to express macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and interferon-gamma which both activate the macrophage and coordinate the immune response to intra-cellular Leishmania sp. Expression of CD2 recept...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and is uniformly fatal, if untreated. An estimated 500,000 new cases occur per year, 90% of which occur in the endemic areas of India, Bangladesh, Sudan Nepal and Brazil. More than 100,000 cases of VL occur in India alone every year and the state of Bihar accounts for more than 90% of these. Over the years new the...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has strong links with poverty, substantial medical and veterinary impacts. This review aimed to focus in studies published during 1994-2016 on VL in southeastern Iran. METHODS The present review is based on expert knowledge and historical studies published during the past 23 yr (1994-2016) on VL in southeastern Iran. In addition, related literature found...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is an important public health problem. If not treated, virtually all clinically symptomatic patients die within months. The diagnosis is based on the Montenegro skin test (MST) and anti-Leishmania titers. Nevertheless, the time required for cured individuals living in a leishmaniasis-endemic area to present a positive skin test and negative ...

© 2014 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1582 Journal Compilation © 2014 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a recalcitrant dermatosis following apparent cure from visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Patients with PKDL are considered the sole reservoir for the parasite during inter-epidemic periods of VL in India (1). Mono-drug therapy has been rec...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of infected sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. Nearly half of the VL cases occur in children (childhood or paediatric VL). The clinical manifestations of childhood VL are more or less same as in the adults. Prolonged fever with anorexia and loss of appetite are the major presenting featu...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar, a disseminated infection of the lymphoreticular system of the body, is marked by severe defect in immune system of the host. Successful cure of VL depends on the immune status of the host in combination with the effects of the antileishmanial drugs. The rationale approach towards eradication of this disease would be to potentiate the immune functioning ...

The leishmaniases are parasitic diseases with a wide range of clinical symptoms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as Kala-azar: characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and anaemia (occasionally serious). In mucocutaneous forms of leishmaniasis, lesions can lead to partial or total destruction of the...

Background: Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It presents mainly in three clinical forms, of which visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form. Recent outbreaks of VL in India and the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) make VL a re-emerging problem in India1. Outbreaks and epidemics o...

b a c k g r o u n d & aim: visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar is a parasitic disease caused by the species of leishmania donovani complex. mediterranean type of disease is endemic in some parts of iran and more than 95% of seropositivity cases were reported in children up to 12 years of age. a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of vl in nomadic tribe’s pop...