The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric parameters for incidental irradiation to the axilla during whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Twenty left breast cancer patients treated with WBRT after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were enrolled in this study. Remnant breast tissue, 3 levels o...

BACKGROUND In many patients with early breast cancer, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the sole site of regional nodal metastasis. This subgroup of patients may not benefit from completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND). AIMS This pilot study evaluates the status of 2nd echelon (station) lymph nodes in the axilla as a predictor of additional positive nodes in the axilla in the presenc...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe topographic variations in the arrangement of the four main brachial plexus nerves at the junction of the axilla and the upper part of the arm. METHODS In 153 patients undergoing upper arm surgery using axillary block, we studied nerve arrangements with a three-step approach, combining: (A) cross-sectional ultrasound imaging using a 12 MHz linea...