stomatitis and gingivitis were diagnosed in twenty-six of 96 horses at a club in mashhad, iran. clinical examination of the affected horses revealed varying degrees of ulceration at the gum-tooth margins with many awns (seed heads) embedded in ulcers. the ulcers were painful, up to 5 cm in diameter, and located at the labial-gingival junction, the lingual frenulum, the base of the lingual dorsu...

the genus aegilops is one of the wheat relatives which comprise the main part of its gene pool.the identification of the aegilops species is difficult due to their vast morphological similarities and geneflow among different species of aegilops and cultivated wheat. some morphological characters are used todistinguish different species in aegilops. in this study, we evaluate all these character...

Species of the Heteropogon-Themeda clade are ecologically important grasses distributed across tropics, including widespread species, such as pantropical H. contortus and T. triandra, range-restricted species ritchiei anathera. Here, we examine habitat preferences grassland/savanna wetland by describing bioclimatic niche characteristics, characterizing functional traits, investigating evolution...

Data on the morphology of fruits and seeds is important in plant identification, especially for botanical gardens, which receive a significant part planting material form seeds. We studied 18 seed samples 7 feather grass species listed Red Book Nizhny Novgorod region, obtained from various gardens: Stipa capillata L. (5 samples), S. dasyphylla (Lindem.) Trautv. (2 lessingiana Trin. et Rupr. (3 ...

A long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary biology is that polyploid plants have a fitness advantage over diploids in climatically variable or extreme habitats. Here we provide the first empirical evidence that polyploid advantage in these environments is caused by two distinct processes: homeostatic maintenance of reproductive output under elevated abiotic stress, and fixed differences in seed...

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.), a weedy relative of cultivated rice (O. sativa), infests and persists in cultivated rice fields worldwide. Many weedy rice populations have evolved similar adaptive traits, considered part of the 'agricultural weed syndrome', making this an ideal model to study the genetic basis of parallel evolution. Understanding parallel evolution hinges on accurate knowledge of the ...

We apply language theory to compare the expressive power of models that extend Petri nets with features like colored tokens and/or whole place operations. Specifically, we consider extensions of Petri nets with transfer and reset operations defined for black indistinguishable tokens (Affine Well-Structured Nets), extensions in which tokens carry pure names dynamically generated with special ν-t...