Spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi) in dogs has been mostly associated with the presence of esophageal granulomas that may transform to sarcomas; aortic aneurysms; mid-thoracic spondylitis; hypertrophic osteopathy; salivary gland necrosis; and pyothorax. Although the disease is frequently subclinical, esophageal dysphagia manifested by regurgitation, odynophagia, and hypersalivation is considered t...

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing worldwide, resulting in a new global health concern. NTM treatment is complex and requires combinations of several drugs for lengthy periods. In spite this, disease often associated with poor outcomes. The anti-parasitic family macrocyclic lactones (ML) (divided two subfamilies: avermectins milbemycins) was previously describ...