The visual system automatically represents summary information from crowds of faces, such as the average expression. This is a useful heuristic insofar as it provides critical information about the state of the world, not simply information about the state of one individual. However, the average alone is not sufficient for making decisions about how to respond to a crowd. The variance or hetero...

We describe a technique based on moment-analysis for the measurement of the average number of molecules and brightness in each pixel in fluorescence microscopy images. The average brightness of the particle is obtained from the ratio of the variance to the average intensity at each pixel. To obtain the average number of fluctuating particles, we divide the average intensity at one pixel by the ...

Medical images like ultrasound images are generally corrupted by speckle noise during their acquisition and transmission. The impact of speckle noise reduces the diagnostic value of the medical image modality. Thus, a speckle noise reduction technique is necessary for the suppression of noise and to retain the fine details from the corrupted image. In this article, a new speckle noise reduction...

Batting average is one of the principle performance measures for an individual baseball player. It is natural to statistically model this as a binomial-variable proportion, with a given (observed) number of qualifying attempts (called “at-bats”), an observed number of successes (“hits”) distributed according to the binomial distribution, and with a true (but unknown) value of pi that represents...

We study the intrinsic difficulty of solving linear parabolic initial value problems numerically at a single point. We present a worst case analysis for deterministic as well as for randomized (or Monte Carlo) algorithms, assuming that the drift coefficients and the potential vary in given function spaces. We use fundamental solutions (parametrix method) for equations with unbounded coefficient...

BACKGROUND Several previous studies have shown relationships between adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the viral load, the CD4 cell count, or mortality. However, the impact of variability in adherence to ART on the immunovirological response does not seem to have been investigated yet. METHODS Monthly adherence data (November 1999 to April 2009) from 317 HIV-1 infected patient...