Most UK surveys, including those used each year to derive the official UK income distribution statistics (‘Households Below Average Income’), provide measures of current household income rather than annual household income, which is the measure used in most other countries. Using British Household Panel Survey data, we examine whether estimates of Britain’s income distribution and its trends ar...

This paper first reviews the e-commerce issues in general and then gives a detailed report of the findings of a survey concerning how sociodemographic (gender and income) and behavioural (computer experience and average daily use of the Internet) factors influence e-commerce attitude of professionals. The survey was conducted among professionals from the government and private sectors. The resu...

BACKGROUND The Eastern Mediterranean region has the second highest number of road traffic injury mortality rates after the African region based on 2013 data, with road traffic injuries accounting for 27% of the total injury mortality in the region. Globally the number of road traffic deaths has plateaued despite an increase in motorization, but it is uncertain whether this applies to the Region...

OBJECTIVES Because the VA pharmacy benefit is deemed equivalent coverage to Medicare Part D, veterans can use either or both of these Federal benefits. We sought to determine how these programs' different benefit structures and low-income assistance thresholds would affect pharmacy out-of-pocket expenses for veterans. METHODS We reviewed income and asset tests performed at the Salt Lake City ...

The study of heights provides a promising approach to a better understanding of the biological welfare of countries and regions for which conventional economic data are relatively sparse. This paper is based on a dataset previously unexploited: the individual records of nearly 10,000 Indonesian men conscripted into the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) used together with individual data...

The evidentiary data detailing the economic state of low-income developing and least developed countries (‘LDCs) is both well known and relatively uncontroversial. On the whole, these nations can be characterised as having a low per capita gross domestic product (‘GDP’), unfortunate standards of living and extremely poor levels of health and services. Moreover, these nations have high levels of...

OBJECTIVES To describe the relationship between minimum wage and overweight and obesity across countries at different levels of development. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 27 countries with data on the legislated minimum wage level linked to socio-demographic and anthropometry data of non-pregnant 190,892 adult women (24-49 y) from the Demographic and Health Survey. We used multilevel ...

Background: The study examined the impact of a contract farming scheme on the farmers’ income, food security, and nutrition. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well the Propensity Score Matching technique. Results: The major determinants of participation in contract farming included...

Relying on a Constant Relative Risk Aversion utility function, we use panel data for Argentina to compute risk-adjusted income and poverty measures and to analyze their determinants. Taking risk into account increases poverty. The regression analysis suggests that many household characteristics are correlated not only with the average income of the household over time, but also with income vari...