In recent years in Italy the progress of the automobile industry, in the field of reduction of emissions values, is very remarkable. Nevertheless their evaluation and reduction is a key problem, especially in the cities, that account for more than 50% of world population. In this paper we dealt with the problem of describing a quantitatively approach for the reconstruction of GPS coordinates an...

greenhouse gas emissions, and the low carbon fuel standard. • Electric drive technology has advanced in performance and reduced in cost, with much improvement in electric motors and power electronics and with high-performance lithium-based batteries now on the cusp of volume production. • The dramatic rise in crude oil and gasoline prices in 2008 spurred a consumer shift toward more efficient v...

The increasing automobile vehicles and congestions in the world cause critical pollutions such as air and noise. Hence, we need comprehensive measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in transportation area. Many researchers have studied the impact of adopting ecofriendly vehicles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and fu...

Ever increasing political pressure for a cleaner environment has triggered large research efforts over the past decade within the automobile and solvent industries to develop new, oxygenated, low atmospheric reactivity fuels and solvents, respectively. The main stimulus for the interest in such compounds in Europe is existing or pending legislation demanding the regulation of the reactivity of ...

Xylenes (mixtures of ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers) are used as industrial solvents, synthetic intermediates, and solvents in commercial products such as paints, coatings, adhesive removers, and paint thinners; they are also a component of gasoline. Xylenes are released to the atmosphere primarily as fugitive emissions from industrial sources (e.g., petroleum refineries, chemical plants), in ...

Traditional loaders with engines present the drawbacks of high energy consumption and poor emissions performance. The usage an electric motor instead engine in loader can effectively improve efficiency emissions. is mainly used earthwork construction unstructured roads. Compared to automobile, during working process loader, load fluctuates violently, vibration serious. A large torque range oper...

Recent research has shown the Phoenix, AZ metropolitan region to be characterized by a CO2 dome that peaks near the urban center. The CO2 levels, 50% greater than the surrounding non-urban areas, have been attributed to anthropogenic sources and the physical geography of the area. We quantified sources of CO2 emissions across the metropolitan region. Anthropogenic CO2 emission data were obtaine...