The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has a long tradition on military strategy. In the end of the 20 century this was one of the first nations to prepare itself for the new emerging concept of war that includes the combat in cyberspace, both with the intention to obtain privileged information (espionage), to reduce the enemy attack and/or military capability or even to create casualties. This p...

Though the defense ministry has been a bastion of male power, a growing number of states have appointed women to this portfolio. What explains men’s dominance in these positions? Which factors predict women’s ascension to this post? With comprehensive cross-national data on women’s ministerial appointments in the post-Cold War era, we develop and test three sets of hypotheses concerning women’s...

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) projects such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been growing in users and edits in the past few years, resulting in more accurate, complete and up-to-date datasets. As a result, governments are now interested in VGI as a source of information that could help to improve their own datasets. Integrating geographic information requires solving semantic heterogenei...

In April 2009, the World Health Organization announced the emergence of a novel influenza A(H1N1-09) virus and in June 2009 declared the outbreak a pandemic. The value of military structures in responding to pandemic influenza has become widely acknowledged in recent years. In 2005, the Israeli Government appointed the Ministry of Defense to be in charge of national preparedness and response fo...

The perception of threat and the experience of anxiety are distinct but related public reactions to terrorism. Anxiety increases risk aversion, potentially undercutting support for dangerous military action, consistent with terrorists’ typical aims. Conversely, perceived threat increases a desire for retaliation and promotes animosity toward a threatening enemy, in line with the usual goals of ...


 When Sukarno proposed the concept of Pancasila (Five Principles) in meeting Investigative Body for Preparation Indonesian Independence (BPUPK) 1945, Kebangsaan Indonesia (Indonesian Nationalism) was by as first principle Pancasila. However, Panitia Sembilan (the Committee Nine), a sub-committee BPUPK, changed wording into Persatuan (Unity Indonesia). accepted but third principle. At time...

Abstract Latin American militaries are today in many regards inoperative and obsolete as an instrument of defence. Yet, they seek to maintain their organisational power privileges. Governments, on the other hand, lack adequate means fight criminality, persisting poverty social inequality. In apparent win-win situation, governments have used military a wildcard step where civilian state capacity...

Master the latest electronic warfare (EW) techniques and technologies related to on-board military platforms with this authoritative resource. You gain expert design guidance on technologies and equipment used to detect and identify emitter threats, giving you an advantage in the never-ending chess game between sensor guided weapons and EW systems. This unique book offers you deeper insight int...

From Marco Polo to Richard Nixon, narratives of the encounter between Chinese and Westerners have been defining texts of European cultures and their descendants. Successive but sporadic reports from travellers, missionaries, diplomats, traders and others have provided a model of an alternative way of arranging people, of organizing their lives, of thinking about the state of being human; one th...

Postal distribution of anthrax spores in October 2001 in the USA resulted in cases of pulmonary anthrax. In consequence, interest and concern about terrorist attacks on civilian populations using biological weapons have increased, particularly when one recent authoritative assessment suggested that an attack using some form of unconventional weapon on a Western city was 'inevitable'. This artic...