The authors reconstructed May–September precipitation over the Asian continent (58–558N, 608–1358E) back to AD 1470 on the basis of tree-ring data, historical documentary records, ice core records, and the few long-term instrumental data series available in the region. They employed the method of Regularized Expectation Maximization (RegEM) and applied it to 44 subregions within the continent. ...

The incidence of venous thrombosis (VT) increases sharply with age: it is very rare in young individuals (<1 per 10,000 per year) but increases to ∼ 1% per year in the elderly, which indicates that aging is one of the strongest and most prevalent risk factor for venous thrombosis. The cause of this steep age gradient is as yet, unexplained. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of s...

Objectives: Because of increasing evidence that alcohol may be causally associated with breast cancer, we reconsider the population attributable risk (PAR) for alcohol and breast cancer for the US adult female population using an effect estimate from a meta-analysis and incorporating a revised perspective on measurement error correction. Methods: To estimate PAR, we employed a formula appropria...

Background Postmenstrual and/or gestational age-corrected age (CA) is required to apply child growth standards to children born preterm (< 37 weeks gestational age). Yet, CA is rarely used in epidemiologic studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which may bias population estimates of childhood undernutrition. To evaluate the effect of accounting for GA in the application of growth ...

We designed this study to explore to what extent the excess risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals is attributable to hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. Of the 1145 Framingham subjects newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who did not have a previous history of cardiovascular events, 663 (58%...

BACKGROUND Cohort effects, new sex partnerships, and human papillomavirus (HPV) reactivation have been posited as explanations for the bimodal age-specific HPV prevalence observed in some populations; no studies have systematically evaluated the reasons for the lack of a second peak in the United States. METHODS A cohort of 843 women aged 35-60 years were enrolled into a 2-year, semiannual fo...

OBJECTIVE To regenerate coefficients for the New Zealand customised birthweight centile calculator using an updated birth cohort, and compare the identification of at-risk small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants between full customisation (including maternal characteristics) and an ultrasound-based fetal weight and infant gender partial customisation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of pros...

We designed this study to explore to what extent the excess risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals is attributable to hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. Of the 1145 Framingham subjects newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who did not have a previous history of cardiovascular events, 663 (58%...