The normal specifications of motor gasolines as well as their combustion characteristics in internal combustion engines are reviewed in this paper. The effective factors influencing the fuel performance, such as the molecular structure of the fuel constituents, the operating conditions and the atmospheric pressure and temperature are also discussed. A relationship between the optimum octane num...

Resistive Plate Chambers made with glass and metal electrodes forming accurately spaced gas gaps of a few hundred micrometers have reached timing accuracies below 50ps p with e$ciencies above 95%. This type of detector, operating at atmospheric pressure with non-#ammable gases, seems well suited for large-area TOF systems, providing performances comparable to the existing scintillator-based TOF...

Achieving diffraction limited imaging with future ground-based optical telescopes will require adaptive optics for correction of atmospheric turbulence and also efficient techniques for atmospheric dispersion compensation. We study the benefit of using a linear atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) coupled with a deformable mirror on a 42-m Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) operating in the VIRJ...

The primary objective of this study was to clarify the influence of crop plants on atmospheric methane (CH4) in an agriculture-dominated landscape in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Measurements were carried out at two contrasting scales. At the plant scale, CH4 fluxes from soybean and corn plants were measured with a laser-based plant chamber system. At the landscape scale, the land su...

stronomical observations near the horizon have historically been made for naval navigation and for determining the time of sunset. Recent applications include near-horizon daytime scene simulation to support infrared search and track and infrared seeker studies. The ray path of the setting or rising Sun can be highly distorted near the horizon, and it is seldom rectilinear. An accurate model of...

Siphons have been used since ancient times, but exactly how they work is still a matter of debate. In order to elucidate the modus operandi of a siphon, a 1.5 m high siphon was set up in a hypobaric chamber to explore siphon behaviour in a low-pressure environment. When the pressure in the chamber was reduced to about 0.18 atmospheres, a curious waterfall-like feature appeared downstream from t...