Underthrusting and the elastic-rebound theory are consistent with the gross static deformations after earthquakes for island-arc regions such as Japan, Alaska, and Chile. Yet anomalous, time-dependent post-earthquake adjustments suggest additional processes. Here the asthenosphere or mantle becomes the element that both determines the post-seismic deformation and controls the accumulation of st...

The relative motion of the lithosphere with respect to asthenosphere implies existence a boundary zone that accommodates shear between rigid plates and flowing mantle. This is typically referred as lithosphere-asthenosphere (LAB). width this mechanisms accommodating across it have important implications for coupling mantle convection surface plate motion. Seismic observations provided evidence ...