To better understand the influence of grammatical encoding on the retrieval and encoding of phonological word-form information during speech production, we examine how grammatical class constraints influence the activation of phonological neighbors (words phonologically related to the target--e.g., MOON, TWO for target TUNE). Specifically, we compare how neighbors that share a target's grammati...

The analysis of spontaneous speech in Cypriot Greek reveals considerable variability in duration of consonants. Consonants preserve a contrast in duration under the same phonological conditions, which should therefore be regarded as a phonological opposition rather than the effect of phonetic factors. It is also argued that spontaneous Cypriot speech shows considerable influence from Standard M...

Muka Qiang has two phonological tones. Contrary to typological expectations of a two-tone system, both are types of high tone: non-high syllables are toneless. The first type of tone is a high word tone that aligns with the left edge of the word and spreads rightward, linking to as many as four syllables; lexical prosodic domains longer than four syllables have not been observed. The other tone...

Language production comprises conceptual, grammatical, and word form encoding as well as articulation. This paper focuses on word form or phonological encoding. Phonological encoding in speech production can be subdivided into a number of sub-processes such as segmental, metrical, and syllabic encoding. Each of these processes is briefly described and illustrated with examples from my own resea...

in this research a number of important and active phonological processes in standard german, spoken in berlin, have been studied. in this regard, four dictionaries: duden universal w?rterbuch (1998), langenscheidt (2002), brock haus (1996), and panbeh-chi (1379) have been used for gathering the data. furthermore, two german informants had a four-hour interview to complete the data. in addition,...