styrene polymerization through frp and atrp methods was carried out at 110oc, while in-depth studies were performed by monte carlo simulation.the changes in monomer conversion, initiator concentration, average molecular weight, and polydispersity index were computed over the course of the polymerization. as the results indicate, compared to atrp, the frp reaches higher conversion in a similar r...

Compensatory mechanisms are often used to achieve stability by reducing variance, which can be accomplished via negative feedback during homeostatic regulation. In principle, compensation can also be implemented through feedforward mechanisms where a regulator acts to offset the anticipated output variation; however, few such neural mechanisms have been demonstrated. We provide evidence that an...

Photooxidized tryptophan (TRP) in tissue culture medium elicits a transient cytochrome P450 (CYP1) induction response in cultured cells. We show here that exposure of TRP to window sunlight (aTRP) greatly increased the potency, efficacy, and duration of CYP1A induction by TRP in primary chick embryo hepatocytes and in vivo. Aqueous TRP exposed to sunlight for 7 days exhibited a 100-fold or grea...

INTRODUCTION Polymeric materials are ubiquitous in our daily life and play a major role in scientific discoveries for constructing next generation smart materials, bioelectronics, novel drug carriers and so on. Numerous polymerizations methods have been developed to access functional polymeric materials, with metalcatalyzed polymerizations proven one of the most successful. However, some inhere...

Stackable gels comprised of layers of dissimilar polymers were synthesized by combining conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using two approaches: (i) polymerization of a pre-gel solution containing a monomer and cross-linker introduced on top of a previously prepared gel, and (ii) simultaneous polymerization of two immiscible pre-gel so...

Graft modifications of PVDF fluoropolymers have been identified as the efficient route to improve properties and expand applications. Taking advantage C-F C-Cl bonds in repeat units, atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP) were widely used for graft modification. Recently, photoinduced ATRP has shown good spatial temporal control over polymerization process contrast thermal activation mode...

A series of ABA triblock copolymers, consisting of double-bond-containing poly(phenoxyallene) (PPOA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) segments, were synthesized by sequential free radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A new bifunctional initiator bearing azo and halogen-containing ATRP initiating groups was first prepared followe...

Article info: Received: 23 January 2013 Accepted: 5 February 2013 ABSTRACT One of the major challenges in modern synthetic polymer chemistry is to synthesize end defined polymers of different end functionality with predetermined uniform molecular weight. End functionalized polymers/copolymers basically in block and grafting form are having several potential applications in biomedical areas in t...

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is an effective technique for the design and preparation of multifunctional, nanostructured materials for a variety of applications in biology and medicine. ATRP enables precise control over macromolecular structure, order, and functionality, which are important considerations for emerging biomedical designs. This article reviews recent advances in th...

Recently, the peptidomic analysis of neuropeptides from the retrocerebral complex and abdominal perisympathetic organs of polyphagous stinkbugs (Pentatomidae) revealed the group-specific sequences of pyrokinins, CAPA peptides (CAPA-periviscerokinins/PVKs and CAPA-pyrokinin), myosuppressin, corazonin, adipokinetic hormone, and short neuropeptide F. In this study, we used mass spectrometric profi...