This study investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship between Suisse stock market (SSM) prices and a set of macroeconomic variables (inflation, interest rate, exchange rate) using Monthly data for period 1999:1 to 2018:4. Different specifications tests will be carried out, namely unit root (ADF PP), Vector Auto Regression (VAR) select optimal lag length Granger causality Toda Yamamoto (...

Whether better infrastructure influences Chinese export sophistication (ES) and diversification (ED) is an important question, which surprisingly remains unaddressed. The current study contributes to the ES ED literature by capturing symmetric asymmetric effect of on ED. We employ a robust dynamically simulated autoregressive distributed lag (DYS-ARDL) dynamic method, extended version NARDL ARD...

The present article uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure to identify the long run equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. TodaYamamoto andWald-test causality tests have identified the direction of the causal relationship between these two variables in the case of Pakistan in the period between 1971 and 2008. Ng-Perron and ...

The paper investigates the effects of imports and foreign capital inflows on economic growth in case of Pakistan over the period of 1990Q1-2008Q4. We have applied ARDL bounds testing approach to examine the long run relationship and investigated the direction of causality by using VECM multivariate framework. Our analysis confirms the long run relationship between imports, foreign capital inflo...

The purpose of this study was to examine relations between actual prices indices and macroeconomic factors for domestic knowledge industry centers. A repeat sales model used analyze the on basis data calculate quarterly centers from 2011 2022. Then analysis verified by autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) ARDL error-correction (ARDL-ECM). main results are as follows. Firstly, in Seoul reached ...

This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long run relationship between EC, CE and GDP. Second, a long term effect from CE to GDP and EC is apparent, with reciprocal paths. Third, the ...

This study examines the relationships between foreign aid, levels of schooling and democracy for Pakistan using the ARDL cointegration approach. The results of study provide strong evidence for fairly robust long run as well as short run relationships among these variables for the period 1973-2008. The results state that foreign aid and primary school enrollments have negative impact on democra...