This report investigates ray tracing with bounding volume hierarchies using the PlueckerAABB test that was presented in the Journal of Graphics Tools paper titled “Fast RayAxis Aligned Bounding Box Overlap Tests with Pluecker Coordinates.” An efficient scheme for testing a bounding volume node’s children in the correct order is presented, improving performance by up to 233%. Numerical robustnes...

Many developing countries including Pakistan face the problem of trade deficit. These countries use various measures to improve the trade balance. One of the components is devaluation of domestic currency. The purpose of this paper is to find whether the devaluation using REER is effective in improving the trade balance in Pakistan or not. The bound testing approach of ARDL is used to estimate ...

In this paper, the physical optics method is used to study the problem of electromagnetic scattering from Haack series nose cone. First, a meshing scheme is introduced which approximates the curvature of the surface by piecewise linear functions in both axial and rotational directions. This results in planar quadrilateral patches and enables efficient determination of the illuminated region and...

Contemporary economies of developing countries are changing due to rapid changes in the world economy. The emergence of international financial industry for worldwide network of transactions altered the role of international economy. Increased financial flows have altered the role of private capital and subsequently effect resource allocation. The economies of developing countries are witnessin...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the long-run and short-run relationships among tourist arrivals to Malaysia and tourism price, substitute price, travelling cost, income and exchange rate for Asian7. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) is employed in the analysis, and the data cover the period 1970 to 2004. The empirical...

the present paper is devoted to a new critical state based plasticity model able to predict drained and undrained behaviour of granular material. it incorporates a bounding surface plasticity model describing in multilaminate framework to capitalize on advantages of this mathematical framework. most of the models developed using stress/strain invariants are not capable of identifying the parame...

Several interesting generative learning algorithms involve a complex probability distribution over many random variables, involving intractable normalization constants or latent variable marginalization. Some of them may not have even an analytic expression for the unnormalized probability function and no tractable approximation. This makes it difficult to estimate the quality of these models, ...

This study tries to answer the question, “has macroeconomic instability detrimental impact on gross domestic product of Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2012?” For reviewing macroeconomic instability a comprehensive macroeconomic instability index is constructed by incorporating inflation rate, unemployment rate, trade deficit and budget deficit. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model h...