Context: A key activity in the construction of any enterprise-wide service-oriented system is the identification of enterpriselevel services from business models based on required quality attributes. Conventional service-identification methods rely heavily on the experiences of architects to direct them in the identification of services and architectural elements by descriptive qualitative guid...

While security has long been a significant issue in military systems, the spread of the internet has stimulated a growing interest in, and increasing demand for, secure systems. Understanding how architects manage security requirements in practice is a necessary first step in providing repeatable processes using effective techniques, methods and architectural structures. We present the results ...

To succeed commercially, shipyards must be able to accurately estimate costs. Cost estimating is necessary for the bid process, for change orders, and for trade-off studies. Numerous cost estimating approaches exist. They are based on extrapolations from previously-built ships, detailed bottoms-up parametrics, and integrated physics-based analyses. Cost estimating can be frustrating to shipyard...

In cloud computing, software applications are potentially able to use only the computing resources that are minimally needed for performant operation. Because cloud providers provision such resources on a pay-per-use basis, software architects are interested in analyzing the operational costs that accrue for such applications, allowing architects to optimize for cost-efficiency. Current analysi...

Software architecture provides the high-level design of software systems with the most critical decisions. The source code of a system has to conform to the architectural decisions to guarantee the systems’ success in terms of quality properties. Therefore, architects have to continuously ensure that architecture decisions are implemented correctly to prevent architecture erosion. This is the m...

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