The ventral striatum is considered an interface between limbic and motor systems. We followed the orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the monkey basal ganglia by analyzing the projection from this cortical area to the ventral striatum and the representation of orbitofrontal cortex via the striatum, in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Following injections of Lucifer yellow and...

Repeated intermittent exposure to psychostimulants and morphine leads to progressive augmentation of its locomotor activating effects in rodents. Accumulating evidence suggests the critical involvement of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and the medial prefrontal cortex, in the behavioral sensitization. Here, we e...

Defence-Aggression Reaction including its cardiovascular components may be inhibited during habituation or by stimulation in the restricted area of the prefrontal cortex. During the process of habituation components of the Defence-Aggression Reaction are inhibited on the level of nucleus paragigatocellularis lateralis of the ventral lateral medulla. The prefrontal cortex probably plays an impor...

Abstract Aberrant neuronal network activity likely resulting from disturbed interactions of excitatory and inhibitory systems may be a major cause cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases, like within the spectrum schizophrenic phenotypes. In particular, synchrony pattern oscillatory brain appears to limbic networks, e.g. between prefrontal cortex hippocampus. rat model maternal immune a...

Background Ketamine rapidly elicits antidepressive effects in humans and mice in which serotonergic activity is involved. Although α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2 nAChR) in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a key role in the ketamine-induced prefrontal serotonin release, the source of cholinergic afferents, and its role is unclear. Methods Prefrontal serotonin levels after ketamine i...

The mediodorsal nucleus (MD) is the thalamic gateway to the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with spatial and object working memory functions. We have recorded single-neuron activities from the MD nucleus in monkeys trained to perform spatial tasks with peripheral visual stimuli and a nonspatial task with foveally presented pictures of objects and faces-tasks identical to thos...

BACKGROUND Corticolimbic circuits, including direct projections from prefrontal cortex to nucleus accumbens (NAc), permit top-down control of intense motivations generated by subcortical circuits. In rats, localized disruptions of glutamate signaling within medial shell of NAc generate desire or dread, anatomically organized along a rostrocaudal gradient analogous to a limbic keyboard. At rostr...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dynamic changes were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) during use and the early phases of cocaine abstinence after 14 sessions (2 h self-administration/d; 0.25 mg/0.1 ml.6 s infusion) by employing a 'yoked control-operant paradigm'. The effect on BDNF was region-specific and dependent on the withdrawal time. ...

The prefrontal cortex is made up of neocortical areas thought to mediate aspects of the temporal and spatial organization of behavior. One of the prime output targets of the prefrontal cortex is the striatum, which is thought to operate in series with the prefrontal cortex in some neural computations. We have analyzed this prefronto-striatal projection in cynomolgus monkeys by combining anterog...

Ziziphus talanai (Blanco) Merrill, locally known as the Balakat tree in Philippines, is an endemic plant reported to have therapeutic properties due its flavonoid content. Specifically, neuroprotective activities against oxidative stress mice brains been previously documented under this plant. Therefore, study investigated antinecrotic potential of Z. MSG-induced cytoarchitectural alterations m...