4-Coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL; EC 6.2.1.12) is an important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that controls biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids. In this study, to identify function Ag4CL3 gene celery, was cloned from celery cv. “Nanxuan Liuhe Ziqin”. Sequence analysis results showed contained open reading frame (ORF) with a length 1688 bp, 555 amino acids were encoded. The...

This paper investigates a model featuring a monopolist seller and a buyer, with an uncertain valuation for the seller’s product. The seller chooses an information system (“IS”), allowing the buyer to receive a private signal, potentially correlated with her valuation. The cost of the IS is proportional to its precision, measured by the mutual information between the distributions of the buyer’s...

Substantial price variation for homogeneous goods in online markets is a well-known puzzle that has withstood attempts by empirical researchers to explain it. Economic theory suggests two possible sources of the dispersion: either market frictions are more important than previously thought, or there are subtle differences between product listings presented to e-commerce consumers that applied e...

The Coase Conjecture (1972) has generated a large literature on the pricing of durable goods by monopolists. The theoretical predictions span a whole range with nearly perfect competition at one end and nearly perfect price discrimination at the other. An empirical test is therefore of importance. We test the Coase conjecture in an experimental setting and report on the results. We also test th...

Three Apium graveolens (L.) varieties and cultivars within varieties were evaluated for host plant suitability to two polyphagous lepidopteran herbivores: the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner), and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner). Overall, there were no significant differences in survivorship, developmental time, and pupal weight of S. exigua or T. ni reared on the two va...

* Corresponding Author: Tel: +9851138763852 Fax: +9851138763852 [email protected] Dear editor In recent years, the number of scientific research papers of Iranian scientists has substantially grown in national and international journals that indicates particular attitude of Iranian scientific community to the development of knowledge in different fields. Moreover, improvement of qualit...

The objective of this work was to study the existence of a trade-off between aerenchyma formation and root mechanical strength. To this end, relationships among root anatomical traits and mechanical properties were analysed in plant species with contrasting root structural types: Paspalidium geminatum (graminaceous type), Cyperus eragrostis (cyperaceous type), Rumex crispus (Rumex type) and Pla...

OBJECTIVE The present study was to investigate the antiasthmatic potential from the flavonoid fraction of Apium leptophyllum fruit (FFALF) to validate its traditional claim. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiasthmatic activity of FFALF was evaluated by histamine or acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm model in guinea pigs, compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation in albino rats and histamine-...