The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of detecting root canal constrictions by using an apex locator. Seventy impenetrable canals in extracted human teeth were used. Based on contact microradiographic findings, they were divided into three groups: group A (constricted within 3 mm of the radiographic apex, 23 canals), group B (nonconstricted within 3 mm of the radiographic ape...

Root canal impedance measurement was carried out in vivo on a series of patients and in vitro on a model (tooth dipped into a saline solution). Impedance was measured for several file tip displacements from apical foramen in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Comparison between in vivo and in vitro results was performed for the measured value of impedance and for the components (Rp, Cp) ...

This case report describes the endodontic therapy on a three-rooted mandibular first molar. The initial endodontic treatment was carried out after misreading preoperative periapical radiograph. Moreover, the working length was determined only with the apex locator. So, the additional disto-lingual root left unidentified and remained untreated, failing the treatment. A thorough radiographic exam...

BACKGROUND An in vivo comparative evaluation to determine the accuracy of working length between radiographic and electronic apex locators. AIM The study was aimed at evaluating the accuracy of electronic apex locator, to determine the working length of root canal, and to compare it with the radiographic method of working length determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 teeth selec...

The Root ZX has been introduced recently as a device capable of performing accurately in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, blood, water, local anesthetic, and pulpal tissues. The Root ZX was used to locate the apical foramen in 26 root canals of vital teeth. After extraction of the teeth, a stereomicroscope was used to confirm visually the relationship of the tip of the endodontic file to th...

conclusion the cbct may be safe to use in determining root canal wl. because lower radiation dose, a pre-existing cbct can be useful to detect the root canal wl more precisely. results the cbct was the most accurate method to evaluate the root canal wl, with accuracy of 70%. accuracy for the apex locator and periapical radiograph were 40% and 30%, respectively. materials and methods totally, 30...