This paper reports on an accurate and rapid method to compute the onset voltage of a single or an array of electrospray emitters with complex geometries and on the correlation of the simulation with experimental data. This method permits the exact determination of the onset voltage based only on the surface tension of the sprayed liquid and on the emitter geometry. The approach starts by determ...

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with synchronized spirometry we analyzed and compared diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Breathing cycles of 16 healthy subjects were examined using a dynamic sequence (77 slices in sagittal plane during 20 s, 1NSA, 240x256, TR4.48, TE2.24, FA90, TSE1, FOV 328). The amplitu...

Received (received date) Revised (revised date) Communicated by (Name) Given a set of n points in the plane, we show how to compute various enclosing isosceles triangles where different parameters such as area or perimeter are optimized. We then study a 3-dimensional version of the problem where we enclose a point set with a cone of fixed apex angle α.

This study was to investigate the influence of composite resins with different elastic modulus, cavity modification and occlusal loading condition on the stress distribution of restored notch-shaped noncarious cervical lesion using 3-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. The extracted maxillary second premolar was scanned serially with Micro-CT. The 3D images were processed by 3D-DOCTO...

Regardless of profile, whether flat topped or pointed, to the summit observer all mountain peaks cast triangular shadows when the sun is low. A theory for such anomalous shadows is developed. The shadow apex angle is shown to depend only on the ratio of the breadth of the mountain to its height.

A three-dimensional finite element model was used to explore whether or not transmural distributions of end-diastolic and end-systolic fiber stress are uniform from the apex to the base of the canine left ventricular wall. An elastance model for active fiber stress was incorporated in an axisymmetric model that accurately represented the geometry and fiber angle distribution of the anterior fre...

Background To ensure accurate implant placement, surgical guides are used to control the steps of placement surgery. Purpose Evaluation accuracy in long span edentulous area by novice clinicians according fully-guided (FG), pilot-guided (PG), and freehand (FH) protocols. Materials methods Maxillary models with four missing teeth from right first canine molar were produced 3-dimensional printing...

To determine intra- and interday reliability of spine rasterstereographic system Formetric 4D with and without reflective markers. Twenty-six healthy volunteers (M group) had two markers placed in correspondence of vertebra prominens and intergluteal cleft, and 24 volunteers (NM group) were assessed without markers. All participants were analyzed two times in the same day and one time on a sepa...

The study of a pair of single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator which is placed on the surface near the apex of a cone-cylinder body with a semi-apex angle of 10° is presented. The two SDBD plasma actuators are aligned on the cone at azimuth angle θ = ±90° symmetrically and sustained by a repetitive high voltage nanosecond pulses generator. The pressure distribution over the te...

Significant differences between epicardial and endocardial systolic stress in the wall of the left ventricle (LV) have been predicted by various models of LV mechanics. Yet a model incorporating transmural differences in fiber orientation and torsion, defined as a rotation of the apex with respect to the base around the long axis of the LV, predicts transmural equalization of stress and shorten...