We study surface subgroups of groups acting simply transitively on vertex sets of certain hyperbolic triangular buildings. The study is motivated by Gromov’s famous surface subgroup question: Does every oneended hyperbolic group contain a subgroup which is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus at least 2? In [10] and [3] the authors constructed and classified all grou...

There are limited data on air quality parameters, including airborne particulate matter (PM) in residential green buildings, which are increasing in prevalence. Exposure to PM is associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and since Americans spend almost 90% of their time indoors, residential exposures may substantially contribute to overall airborne PM exposure. Our objectives were...

The design of earthquake-resistant buildings starts with defining the maximum lateral earthquake forces or their resultant. The amount of these forces depends on various factors, including coefficient of system behavior which depends on overstrength and its ductility. In this study, a method is presented for designing an earthquake-resistant system in which the distribution of lateral forces is...

this paper examines differences in performances of a range of torsionally stiff and flexible single story buildings designed with the provisions of iranian standard 2800. seismic nonlinear dynamic time history behavior of eight building models subjected to seven horizontal bi-directional design spectra compatible ground motions are investigated. these models cover a wide range of very torsional...

As of October 1996 there are more than 90 radiation-contaminated steel supported rebar buildings (containing more than 1000 apartments) dispersed in the northern part of Taiwan. These apartments were contaminated with cobalt-60 at a total activity ranging from 1-140/tSv/yr. In this paper, a method is developed for evaluating external dose equivalent and dose equivalent rates encountered by the ...

A common critique of home-sharing platforms is that they enable hosts to impose costs on their neighbors. We consider four potential public policy responses that differ in whether the decision right to host is allocated to: (1) individual tenants, (2) building owners, (3) cities, and (4) a social planner. We find that (2) and (4) are equivalent, with (3) leading to too little hosting, and (1) t...

design of the new apartment buildings in iran, has been faced to a decline of quality of local life and an improper interaction between inside-outside of residential spaces. this interaction can be affected by the quality of in-between spaces in different scales of apartment buildings in residential developments. in-between spaces of apartment houses refer to a hierarchy of the main entrance, o...

The Kac-Moody groups studied here are the minimal (=algebraic) and split ones, as introduced by J. Tits in [8]. When they are defined over an ultrametric field, it seems natural to associate to them some analogues of the Bruhat-Tits buildings. Actually I came to this problem when I was trying to build new buildings of nondiscrete type. If G is a Kac-Moody group over an ultrametric field K, I wa...

Secondhand exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in multifamily housing remains a health concern despite strong recommendations to implement non-smoking policies. Multiple studies have documented exposure to ETS in non-smoking units located in buildings with smoking units. However, characterizing the magnitude of ETS infiltration or measuring the impact of building interventions or resi...

Geospatial distribution of population at a scale of individual buildings is needed for analysis of people’s interactionwith their local socio-economic and physical environments. High resolution aerial images are capable of capturing urban complexities and considered as a potential source formapping urban features at this fine scale. This paper studies population mapping for individual buildings...