BACKGROUND Snake envenomation is a serious public health threat in the rural areas of Asian and African countries. To date, the only proven treatment for snake envenomation is antivenom therapy. Cross-neutralization of heterologous venoms by antivenom raised against venoms of closely related species has been reported. The present study examined the cross neutralizing potential of a newly develo...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the doses of antivenom administered to adult patients with severe brown snake envenoming. DESIGN AND SETTING Review of charts from Western Australian adult teaching hospitals, December 1991 to December 2001. PATIENTS 35 patients with severe brown snake envenoming, defined prospectively as afibrinogenaemia (< 0.3 g/L) after a bite by a brown snake (genus Pseudonaja)....

Antivenom antibody titers following administration of rattlesnake venom for antivenom production in horses are well documented; however, antivenom antibody titers following natural rattlesnake envenomation in horses are not. Antibody titers produced in response to the commercially available rattlesnake venom vaccine are also not published. Our study objectives were to measure antivenom antibody...

BACKGROUND Death adders (Acanthophis spp) are found in Australia, Papua New Guinea and parts of eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical syndrome of death adder envenoming and response to antivenom treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Definite death adder bites were recruited from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP) as defined by expert identification or detecti...

BACKGROUND Snakebite envenoming is a major public health problem throughout the rural tropics. Antivenom is effective in reducing mortality and remains the mainstay of therapy. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of using effective antivenoms for Snakebite envenoming in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Economic analysis was conducted from a public healthcare system perspective. Estimates...

In Iran intramuscular (IM) administration of antivenoms is used for the treatment of human scorpion envenoming of six medically dangerous scorpion species, including Odonthubuthus doriae (O. doriae). The purpose of the current study is to investigate the efficiency of the intramuscular route and the delay of injection on the neutralizing effect of the available polyvalent antivenom. We compared...

Antivenom therapy is currently the standard practice for treating neuromuscular dysfunction in snake envenoming. We reviewed the clinical and experimental evidence-base for the efficacy and effectiveness of antivenom in snakebite neurotoxicity. The main site of snake neurotoxins is the neuromuscular junction, and the majority are either: (1) pre-synaptic neurotoxins irreversibly damaging the pr...

BACKGROUND Snake bite causes greater mortality than most of the other neglected tropical diseases. Snake antivenom, although effective in minimizing mortality in developed countries, is not equally so in developing countries due to its poor availability in remote snake infested areas as, and when, required. An alternative approach in this direction could be taken by making orally deliverable po...

Thousands of snake bites occur in the world each year, with hundreds of patients receiving antivenom. Incidence rates for immediate hypersensitivity reactions associated with the use of antivenom range vary. This is a case report of a patient with atrial fibrillation (AF) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) induced by vigrous snake bite that was suspected to be caused by the treatment of subcut...