Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system for vehicles which will allow controlling wheels of vehicle and providing safety contact on road surface according to driver braking input, avoiding uncontrolled skidding and also preventing the wheels from locking up. The main task of ABS is to press and release the brakes almost 15 times a second, so process of stopping the vehicle...

Removing a clamp force sensor from brake-by-wire (BBW) system designs has been driven by the need to reduce costs and design complexities. In this paper an improved method is presented to estimate clamp force using other sensory information. The proposed estimator is based on the Kalman filter where the actuator resolver is used in a dynamic stiffness model and the actuator current sensors as w...

Abstract: Recently, design of electric scooters (ESs) has commonly adopted brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) in place of brushed DC motors. This invention develops a new anti-lock braking system (ABS), based on a slip-ratio estimator, for ES utilizing the braking force generated by the BLDCM when electrical energy releases to the load yielding an analogous effect of ABS control in gas-engine vehicle...

On a global scale, motorcyclists are typically over-represented in crash statistics. This trend is increasing as although total road crashes and fatalities have decreased over the last fifteen years, motorcycle crash volumes have not. This paper describes the potential of stability control systems to help save motorcyclists' lives. It summarizes safety research conducted and commissioned by the...

The aim of this work is to develop a magnetorheological brake (MRB) system that has performance advantages over the conventional hydraulic brake system. The proposed brake system consists of rotating disks immersed in a MR fluid and enclosed in an electromagnet, which the yield stress of the fluid varies as a function of the magnetic field applied by the electromagnet. The controllable yield st...

The antilock braking system (ABS) is designed to optimize braking effectiveness and maintain steerability; however, the ABS performance will be degraded in the case of severe road conditions. In this study, a self-learning fuzzy sliding-mode control (SLFSMC) design method is proposed for ABS. The SLFSMC ABS will modulate the brake torque for optimum braking. The SLFSMC system is comprised of a ...

This work presents a hydraulic anti-lock braking system (ABS) for a motorcycle. The ABS has a hydraulic modulator and an intelligent controller. The hydraulic modulator is analyzed, and then equipped on a scooter for road tests. The intelligent controller controls the hydraulic modulator by estimated vehicle velocity to calculate the slip ratio of the wheels in real time. The performance of the...

Anti-lock braking system is designed to optimize braking procedure while maintaining automobile steerability through controlling wheels slip. However, due to nonlinearity and uncertainty of ABS structure, designing the controller for wheel slip encounters so many problems which necessitate a robust control system. In this paper, a hybrid controller is proposed for ABS to address this issue. The...

Combining recent theoretical results related to the ownership structure of the firm with the notion of modular design, this paper provides a new framework to analyze the decision of the automakers of whether to develop a new component in-house or to subcontract it to a supplier. Older frameworks associated with transaction costs or principal-agent theories have often been associated with contra...