The medications used to treat HIV and TB can result in significant adverse effects and drug interactions which can adversely impact the disease management. The objective of this study is to determine the adverse reactions to anti-tubercular drugs in these HIV/TB co-infected patients. A retrospective study of case record files of HIV/TB co-infected patients on anti-tubercular treatment was carri...

HIV-infected cells persist for decades in patients administered with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Meanwhile, an alarming surge drug-resistant HIV viruses has been occurring. Addressing these issues, we propose the application of photoimmunotherapy (PIT) against not only Env-expressing but also HIV. Previously, showed that a human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) conjugated to cationic or anionic photo...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Combinational anti-HIV therapy has largely improved patients' lives, but is not widely available in developing countries. Moreover, drug resistance is a main problem during HIV treatment. Therefore, there is a...

BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, the fight against tuberculosis (TB) has encountered a great challenge because of the emergence of drug resistant TB strains and the high prevalence of HIV infection. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association of drug-resistant TB with anti-TB drug treatment history and HIV co-infection. METHODS After electronic based literature search in t...

Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease pertained to the human immune system. Given its crucial role in viral replication, HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is a prime therapeutic target in AIDS therapy. In this regard, the dynamic aspects of ligand-enzyme interactions may indicate an important role of conformational variability in HIV-1 PR in...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is a global public health issue. Anti-HIV therapy involving chemical drugs has improved the life quality of HIV/AIDS patients. However, emergence of HIV drug resistance, side effects and the necessity for long-term anti-HIV treatment are the main reasons for failure of anti-HIV therapy. Therefore,...

Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is considered a risk factor for progression of liver disease in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This disease progression is reported to be more significant in those with concomitant HIV infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence rate of OBI in a sample of HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six HIV-infected pati...

Despite recent progress in anti-HIV therapy, which has to do mainly with introduction of protease inhibitors into clinical practice, drug toxicity and emergence of drug-resistant isolates during the long-term treatment of the patients necessitates search for new drugs that can be added to currently used components of a multi-drug cocktail in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Recent...