Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remai...

Contamination of freshwater resources, fresh produce and some processed foods by perchlorate (ClO4 -) is a growing problem in the United States. The anion perchlorate is a naturally occurring as well as an anthropogenic chemical which occurs as salts of ammonium, sodium and potassium. The natural sources of perchlorate include Chilean caliche which is mined for use as a natural source of NaNO3 ...

[1] Here we describe, test, and apply a spatially explicit, global model for predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export by rivers to coastal waters (NEWS-DIN). NEWS-DIN was developed as part of an internally consistent suite of global nutrient export models. Modeled and measured DIN export values agree well (calibration R = 0.79), and NEWS-DIN is relatively free of bias. NEWS-DIN pred...

The impact of natural and anthropogenic sources of a ir pollution has gained increasing attention from scientific communities in recent years. Indeed , tropospheric aerosols not only perturb rad iative energy balance by interacting with solar and terrestrial rad iation, but also by changing cloud properties and lifetime. Furthermore, these anthropogenic and natural air pollutants, once generate...

10 Results from the first international urban model comparison experiment (PILPS-Urban) suggested that models which 11 neglected the anthropogenic heat flux within the surface energy balance performed at least as well as models that 12 include the source term, but this could not be explained. The analyses undertaken show that the results from PILPS13 Urban were masked by the signal from includi...

Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for approximately 48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrest...

This study investigated the effects of anthropogenic sound exposure on the vocal behavior of free-ranging killer whales. Endangered Southern Resident killer whales inhabit areas including the urban coastal waters of Puget Sound near Seattle, WA, where anthropogenic sounds are ubiquitous, particularly those from motorized vessels. A calibrated recording system was used to measure killer whale ca...

Rates of encounters between humans and wildlife are increasing in cities around the world, especially when wildlife overlap with people in time, space and resources. Coyotes (Canis latrans) can make use of anthropogenic resources and reported rates of conflict have increased in cities across North America. This increase may be linked to individual differences in the use of human food and develo...

The influence of the overturning circulation on the anthropogenic carbon sink in the North Atlantic is investigated with a simple box model. The net air-sea flux of anthropogenic carbon is the result of two opposing fluxes: one is uptake caused by the disequilibrium between the rapidly rising atmospheric pCO2 and the dissolved carbon content in the ocean, depending mainly on the water exchange ...

Emergent plants can be suitable indicators of anthropogenic stress in coastal wetlands if their responses to natural environmental variation can be parsed from their responses to human activities in and around wetlands. We used hierarchical partitioning to evaluate the independent influence of geomorphology, geography, and anthropogenic stress on common wetland plants of the U.S. Great Lakes co...