The anatomical organization of the basal forebrain cholinergic system with emphasis on the basal magnocellular nucleus, was studied by means of the choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry. The basal forebrain cholinergic system extends from the medial septum to the caudal part of the globus pallidus, and is organized as a continuous valley of cholinergic neurons. The arrangement of choli...

BACKGROUND Ring annuloplasty, the standard treatment for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), abolishes normal annular dynamics and freezes the posterior leaflet. We examined the impact of Paneth suture annuloplasty during acute IMR on motion of the mitral annulus and leaflets in an ovine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight sheep had radiopaque markers placed on the left ventricle, anterior mitr...

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is thought to be a major contributor to cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however TAI is difficult to diagnose or characterize non-invasively. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown promise in detecting TAI, but direct comparison to histologically-confirmed axonal injury has not been performed. In the current study, mice were imaged wi...

BACKGROUND The durability of De Vega's tricuspid valve annuloplasty might be related to tension of the annulus and could be reinforced by increasing stich depth. However, depth of stitches to date has not been addressed in the literature. Thus, it is important to better understand the anatomical distance between the tricuspid valve annulus and the right coronary artery. METHODS From 1998 to 2...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate laryngeal sequelae from surgical treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, as well as associated risk factors. METHODS Case-control study. Medical record data analysis of 50 children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, divided into two groups: with and without laryngeal sequelae. The group of patients with laryngeal sequelae was compared to th...

Aim: In humans, images in the median plane of the head either fall on both nasal hemi-retinas or on both temporal hemi-retinas. Interhemispheric connections allow cortical cells to have receptive fields on opposite sides. The major interhemispheric connection, the corpus callosum, is implicated in central stereopsis and disparity detection in front of the fixation plane. Yet individuals with ag...

BACKGROUND The impact of transoral endoscopic CO(2) laser microsurgery (TLM) for the treatment of Tis, T1, and T2 glottic cancer on local disease control, survival, and laryngeal preservation was investigated. METHODS From October 1999 to February 2008, 48 patients with a previously untreated early laryngeal malignant tumor who had been treated with TLM were enrolled in this study. Overall su...

High-resolution microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to characterize brain structural abnormalities in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII). Microscopic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a decrease in the volume of anterior commissure and corpus callosum and a slight increase in the volume of the hippocampus i...

OBJECTIVE To report preliminary results regarding the safety and efficacy of the 585-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) in the pediatric population. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Two pediatric otolaryngology referral centers. PATIENTS Twenty-three pediatric patients ranging in age from 6 months...