This paper introduces one of the most profound Swarm Intelligence-based approaches, namely Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The different operators in ACO and their effect on the quality of solution are briefly discussed. The ACO algorithms variants like Ant System (AS), Elitist Ant System (EAS), Rankbased Ant System (ASrank), Min-Max based Ant System (MMAS) are detailed. The paper puts forth a s...

We have used the metaphor of ant colonies to define "the Ant system", a class of distributed algorithms for combinatorial optimization. To test the Ant system we used the travelling salesman problem. In this paper we analyze some properties of Ant-cycle, the up to now best performing of the ant algorithms we have tested. We report many results regarding its performance when varying the values o...

As a swarm-based optimization heuristic, the Ant System (AS) was proposed to deal with Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Classifified as constructive approach, AS inspired by ants’ social behavior.In Practice, its implementation reveals three basic variants that exploit two operating models: fifirst “natural” model, where ants move and update pheromones, consideration of distances between towns...

The basic ant colony algorithm in the welding robot path planning, in the search process, prone to search for too long, low efficiency, easy to fall into the local optimal and other issues. In this paper, the basic ant colony algorithm is improved, and the Adadelta algorithm is introduced. By combining the basic ant colony algorithm and Adadelta algorithm, the probability of selecting the next ...

Community assembly is driven by multiple factors, including resource availability and habitat requirements. Litter nesting ants respond to food and nest site availability, and adding food and nests may increase ant species richness and abundance. However, litter decomposers share food resources with ants, and increasing food availability may speed decomposition processes, eliminating twigs and ...

Ant System, the first Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, showed to be a viable method for attacking hard combinatorial optimization problems. Yet, its performance, when compared to more fine-tuned algorithms, was rather poor for large instances of traditional benchmark problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem. To show that Ant Colony Optimization algorithms could be good alternatives to exi...

AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) was previously shown to be involved in floral organ initiation and growth in Arabidopsis. ant flowers have fewer and smaller floral organs and possess ovules that lack integuments and a functional embryo sac. The present work shows that young floral meristems of ant plants are smaller than those in wild type. Failure to initiate the full number of organ primordia in ant flowe...

This study investigated the effects of ant attendance on the parasitoid community and parasitism of lac insect Kerria yunnanensis aggregations in Yunnan province, China. We manipulated ant attendance to establish three treatments: (1) ant exclusion; (2) low ant attendance by several ant species; and (3) high ant attendance by Crematogaster macaoensis. Five parasitoid species were collected, wit...

We have identified the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) isoforms ANT1 and ANT2 that are present in the plasma membrane of mouse cerebellar neurons as novel binding partners of the cell adhesion molecule L1. The direct interaction between ANT and L1 is mediated by sites within the fibronectin type III domains of L1 and the first and third extracellular loops of the ANT proteins. We also sho...

Ant System, the first Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, showed to be a viable method for attacking hard combinatorial optimization problems. Yet, its performance, when compared to more fine-tuned algorithms, was rather poor for large instances of traditional benchmark problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem. To show that Ant Colony Optimization algorithms could be good alternatives to exi...