Rapid axonal depolarization follows the elevation of [K+]o in the Ringer bathing the surfaces of the connectives of both intact and desheathed cerebrovisceral connectives of Anodonta cygnea. Potassium movements between the blood or medium bathing the surface of the connectives and the axonal membranes can be accounted for in terms of a first-order diffusion process. No visible structural barrie...

Our understanding of the ionic basis of axonal conduction has been largely derived from studies carried out on vertebrate and invertebrate animals which possess conventional body fluids containing relatively high concentrations of sodium and other inorganic ions. Apart from some recent studies on a phytophagous insect (Treherne, 1965 a, b; Treherne & Maddrell, 1967 a, b) we have very little kno...

The production of several viral vaccines depends on chicken embryo fibroblasts or embryonated chicken eggs. To replace this logistically demanding substrate, we created continuous anatine suspension cell lines (CR and CR.pIX), developed chemically-defined media, and established production processes for different vaccine viruses. One of the processes investigated in greater detail was developed ...