Poverty alleviation is a major indicator to decide whether economic growth is of benefit to the poor in a society. This study therefore addressed the extent of non-income poverty alleviation between 1999 and 2008, using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The fuzzy method and two stage least square approaches were used to analyze the data. The results show that between 1999 and 2003, ...

We analyse the determinants of annual net income and wages (net income/hours) of general practitioners (GPs) using data for 2271 GPs in England recorded during Autumn 2008. The average GP had an annual net income of £97,500 and worked 43 h per week. The mean wage was £51 per h. Net income and wages depended on gender, experience, list size, partnership size, whether or not the GP worked in a di...

PURPOSE To identify risk factors for inadequately corrected refractive error in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 12,758 participants 12 years of age and older from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals with inadequate refractive correction for whom refractive correction would resul...

nutritional status of historically disadvantaged smallholder food producers and their family members. Food Variety Scores (FVS) and Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) are some of the indicators of nutritional status. This study sought to evaluate the nutritional status of children of historically disadvantaged agri-business smallholders at Alfred Nzo District. Methods: This study’s purposeful...

Background: A wide array of Socioeconomic Status (SES) indicators show differential effects for the members of diverse social groups. Researchers know a little about the ethnic variation and the effects of family income on delay discounting which is the predictor of risk behaviors. Objectives: This study examined the effect of family income and its differences on delayed gratification between ...

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax regulates that in relation to the expenses from charitable donations incurred by Enterprises, the portion within 12% of the total annual profit may be deducted from the taxable income. The application of this Article is helpful for simplifying the calculation of enterprise income tax and encouraging tax-payers to engage in chari...

Declining response rates to surveys is a widespread and troubling problem. Unit non-response (when a household is not interviewed at all) has been rising in most surveys. For example, unit non-response rates rose by 3-12 percentage points over the 1990s for six U.S. Census Bureau surveys (Atrostic et al. 2001). Many recent papers have raised the concern that this increased non-response has led ...

During the last decade, few issues have generated as much debate among scholars, policy-makers and political activists as the relationship between economic globalization and domestic income inequality in the developed world. The central aim of this paper is to offer an empirical assessment of the impact of economic globalization on the distribution of income generated by the market and the abil...

BACKGROUND This report identifies demographic and health-related baseline factors associated with non-compliance and attrition in elderly subjects participating in a preventive intervention study over a 4-year follow-up period. METHODS The Cox proportional hazards model and polychotomous logistic regression were used to evaluate time to clinic assessment non-compliance and type of non-partici...

Income Mobility of Individuals in China and the United States Though much has been written about annual income inequality in China, little research has been conducted on longer run measures of income inequality and on income mobility. This paper compares income mobility of urban individuals in China and the United States in the 1990s. The following questions are taken up. To what extent are mea...