Cancer pain is not a single entity but a complex pain state involving different pain syndromes, with inflammatory, neuropathic, compressive, and ischaemic mechanisms. Current therapeutic regimens are based largely on opioids, although opioid treatment can lead to many side effects. Studies using animal models of cancer pain are aimed at understanding cancer pain and developing novel therapies. ...

▼ Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It occurs in approximately 10–20 % of patients with diabetes, or roughly 40–50 % patients with diabetic neuropathy. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain is still largely unknown. Several animal models have been used to study the underlying mechanisms for this complication. Some commonly used animal models include stre...

J Rehabil Med Suppl 41, 2003 DOI 10.1080/16501960310010197 Patients with spinal cord injury often develop chronic pain syndrome, which is difficult to treat. Several animal models of spinal cord injury have been developed in recent years which have significantly advanced our understandings of pathophysiology of this condition. This paper reviews some recent data in the pharmacological treatment...

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It occurs in approximately 10-20% of patients with diabetes, or roughly 40-50% patients with diabetic neuropathy. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain is still largely unknown. Several animal models have been used to study the underlying mechanisms for this complication. Some commonly used animal models include streptoz...

▼ Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It occurs in approximately 10–20 % of patients with diabetes, or roughly 40–50 % patients with diabetic neuropathy. However, the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain is still largely unknown. Several animal models have been used to study the underlying mechanisms for this complication. Some commonly used animal models include stre...

Animal models of spasticity and pain have allowed for the elucidation of possible mechanisms and the evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions for these serious clinical problems. Each model mirrors the clinical appearance of many features of the syndrome, but few reproduce the myriad patient reports of either intensity or relevant contributing factors, especially in models of chronic n...

The discovery of imidazoline ligands has opened up a new field of study. The investigation of imidazoline actions independent of adrenoceptors started in the mid 1980s. Imidazoline receptors are classified in several subtypes, I1, I2 and I3 binding sites. Although imidazoline sites have been the subjects of research for several years, but there is still controversy about their actions especiall...

Recognition of pain and/or stress and their severity are difficult to determine in most animal species. The recognition of pain and/or stress and their severity are more challenging in cattle because cattle have evolved as a prey animal, and may mask behavioral signs of pain and/or stress so as not to display weakness to a potential predator. Despite the tremendous advances of pain control in c...

Chronic pain is a major health care problem throughout the world. Available data indicate that acute pain syndromes cont~bute significantly to health care costs but that chronic or recurrent pain produces an even greater economic burden in addition to social and psychological problems [8,19]. As the medical and scientific community has become aware that chronic pain is different from acute pain...