Dermatophytosis is superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes that invade the keratinized tissue of humans and animals. Lesions from dermatophytosis exhibit an inflammatory reaction induced to eliminate the invading fungi by using the host's normal immune function. Many scientists have attempted to establish an experimental animal model to elucidate the pathogenesis of human dermatoph...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis which leads to chronic disability. Because patients usually present at medical care at an advanced stage of disease, research on pathogenesis of OA using human subjects is difficult. Therefore, animal models of OA are used extensively in search of pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease and in search of potential disease modifying anti-OA drug...

Background: With all the recent advances in cancer treatments, many young cancer patients find themselves facing the prospect of losing their fertility after aggressive chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue has emerged as a potential option to restore fertility in these young women. Materials and Methods: Because autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian c...

The discussion starts out with three examples of relationship matrices and their corresponding inverses. This illustrates two points: 1) any complete relationship inverse can be formed from the inverse of the relationships among parents; and 2) the only non-zero elements in the relationship inverse are between parents, parents and progeny, and between mates. Three equivalent models are develope...

animal models are used to model the observations of animal performance that are genetically dependent.these models are considered as generalized linear mixed models and the genetic correlation structure of data is considered through random effects of breeding values. one goal of the mentioned models is to estimate variance components. in this research, an approximate bayesian approach presented...

Skeletal muscle injuries are one of the most common problems in the worldwide which impose a substantial financial burden to the health care system.  Accordingly, it widely accepted that muscle regeneration is a promising approach that can be used to treat muscle injury patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle regeneration have yet to be elucidated. The muscle structure and muscle...

Introduction: Response to morphine and role of Nitric Oxide (NO) on expression of morphine response has been studied in vertebrates. But, little evidence is provided in the matter in earlier invertebrates. This investigation for the first time evaluated the effect of NO on expression of morphine potency in Paramecium caudatum. Methods: Animal after isolation from natural media and specific i...

To understand the mechanism of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease, the researchers developed an experimental animal model for MS, which is called EAE (Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis). There are several methods for inducing this animal model. In this research the active EAE, which is developed by injecting bovine myelin antigens into genetically susceptibl...

introduction: response to morphine and role of nitric oxide (no) on expression of morphine response has been studied in vertebrates. but, little evidence is provided in the matter in earlier invertebrates. this investigation for the first time evaluated the effect of no on expression of morphine potency in paramecium caudatum. methods: animal after isolation from natural media and specific iden...