Abstract The need to rear the offspring necessitated evolution of female’s immune system mount stronger responses than males. One consequence it is that major autoimmune diseases manifest in a sex biased manner with predominance females. However, mechanisms underlying bias have not been clearly defined. We investigated molecular by which male hormones (androgens) regulate αβ T cell function aut...

Castration in male rats decreased the activities of testosterone and progesterone hydroxylations and reduced the magnitude of spectral change caused by testosterone and progesterone in liver microsomes, accompanying less marked decrease in microsomal P-450 content and NADPH-neotetrazolium reductase activities. The administration of testosterone or methyltestosterone to the castrated rats comple...

Background: Lichen planus is a T-cell mediated autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and the mucous membrane. The results of numerous studies on oral mucosa have confirmed the effects of sex hormones on oral mucosa and the expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen receptors. Lichen planus is a common disease in middle-aged wo...

Androgens are essential for sexual development and reproduction. However, androgen regulation in health and disease is poorly understood. We showed that human adrenocortical H295R cells grown under starvation conditions acquire a hyperandrogenic steroid profile with changes in steroid metabolizing enzymes HSD3B2 and CYP17A1 essential for androgen production. Here we studied the regulatory mecha...

In the last 30 years, there is increasing concern about chemical pollutants that have the ability to act as hormone mimics. Because of structural similarity with endogenous hormones, their ability to interact with hormone transport proteins, or their ability to disrupt hormone metabolism, these environmental chemicals have the potential mimic, or in some cases block, the effects of endogenous h...

Hormonal factors are important in multifactorial theories of sexual offending. The relationship between hormones and aggression in nonhumans is well established, but the putative effect in humans is more complex, and the direction of the effect is usually unclear. In this study, a large sample (N = 771) of adult male sex offenders was assessed between 1982 and 1996. Gonadotrophic (follicle-stim...

Despite new technological advances and improved assay methods, the relationship between hormones and human sexual behavior is still poorly understood. Sex drive and responsiveness, gender identification, and sexual preference are all influenced by hormones. Endocrine studies of impotent men have produced conflicting results. Exogenous androgens seem to produce some results with impotent men....

In many territorial species androgen hormones are known to increase in response to territorial intrusions as a way to adjust the expression of androgen-dependent behaviour to social challenges. The dear enemy effect has also been described in territorial species and posits that resident individuals show a more aggressive response to intrusions by strangers than by other territorial neighbours. ...

Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are androgen-dependent diseases commonly treatedby inhibiting androgen action. However, androgen ablation or castration fail to target androgen-independent cells implicated in disease etiology and recurrence. Mechanistically different to castration, this study shows beneficial proapoptotic actions of estrogen receptor–β (ERβ) in BPH a...

Estrogen is an active neuroprotectant and is presently investigated as a potential therapy against Alzheimer's disease for women. To determine if male hormones could also be neuroprotective, we investigated the effect of testosterone, methyltestosterone, and epitestosterone at physiological concentrations on primary cultures of human neurons induced to undergo apoptosis by serum deprivation. Se...