OBJECTIVES The educational environment plays a crucial role in the learning process. We aimed to evaluate the educational-environment perceptions of Saudi urology residents using the postgraduate hospital educational environment measure (PHEEM) inventory, and to investigate associations of their perception with stages of residency program, regions of Saudi Arabia, and main sectors of the health...

Retailers in Saudi Arabia have been reserved in their adoption of electronically delivered aspects of their business. This paper reports research that identifies and explores key issues to enhance the diffusion of online retailing in Saudi Arabia. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has the largest and fastest growth of ICT marketplaces in the Arab region, e-commerce activities are not progressi...

Iran and Saudi Arabia have long been engaged in heated rivalry and conflict in the Middle East. These two regional powers are both major oil-exporting countries; in major foreign policy issues, therefore, oil is used as an important tool to pursue goals. Iran and Saudi Arabia have a long history of differences on oil policies, but one of the most severe differences emerged in 2011-2016, along w...

Background: In Western and Southwest Asia, literature is not documented on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) programs in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The present study is the first brief review that describes HIV programs in these three neighboring countries.Methods: Data regarding the evidence of HIV programs were gathered through a systematic literature searching. English publications were r...

This paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and GDP in six countries of the Middle East , including Iran,Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Oman,Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. The data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and GDP.The empirical findings show a uni...

Saudi Arabia (officially, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) was established as a sovereign country in 1932, by its founder King Abdulaziz Al-Saud who led a successful campaign that lasted 30 years following the conquest of Riyadh (official capital) to unite large swathes of the Arabian Peninsula. With an area of 2,150,000 km, Saudi Arabia occupies 80% of historical Arabia and is the 13th largest country...

1 Faculty of Computer Science and IS, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai Johor, Malaysia. 2 Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. 3 Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. 4 Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud ...

Eleven species in three genera from Saudi Arabia are listed. Macroocula riyadha Gadallah & Pagliano, spec. nov. is described and figured. Apterogyna mateui Giner Marí, 1945, Macroocula nitida nitida (Bischoff, 1920) are newly recorded from Arabian Peninsula and Saudi Arabia, Macroocula magna (Invrea, 1965) is newly recorded from Saudi Arabia.

Author details Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO box: 65506, Riyadh 11588, Saudi Arabia. Stem Cell Unit, Anatomy Department, Collage of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark,...