PURPOSE As children develop skills in writing across academic contexts, clinicians and educators need to have a fundamental understanding of typical writing development as well as valid and reliable assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the progression of linguistic elements in school-age children's narrative and expository writing development. METHOD Narrative and expo...

One-year-old infants have a small receptive vocabulary and follow deictic gestures, but it is still debated whether they appreciate the referential nature of these signals. Demonstrating understanding of the complementary roles of symbolic (word) and indexical (pointing) reference provides evidence of referential interpretation of communicative signals. We presented 13-month-old infants with vi...

mercury is a dangerous and an extremely toxic element, which can transfer to the food chain.presence of this element in the atmosphere particularly during the rainy seasons cause soil and environmental pollution, therefore this research will evaluate the transformation of mercury vapor from the atmosphere through precipitation into the soil. in the present study, mercury concentrations were det...

Receptive fields of 382 neurons in the pulvinar were investigated. The observed receptive fields were classified according to the neurons’ responses to stationary flashing light spots positioned in different parts of the receptive field. New receptive field types with multiple discharge centers were observed. Neurons with these receptive fields generally responded with multimodal discharges to ...

Neurons in the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey (LIP) have visual receptive fields in retinotopic coordinates when studied in a fixation task. However, in the period immediately surrounding a saccade these receptive fields often shift, so that a briefly flashed stimulus outside the receptive field will drive the neurons if the eye movement will bring the spatial location of that vanishe...

Background: The variability in the developmental skills is reduced after the first three years of life; therefore, it is necessary to identify and manage early developmental delays. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of developmental stimulation program on the developmental measures of the toddlers. Method: The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on ...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of textual enhancement and metalinguistic explanation as focus-on-form tasks tending to encourage the acquisition of nominal clauses (NCs) in English. It explored (a) whether textual enhancement and metalinguistic explanation would promote and enhance the knowledge of NCs, (b) whether these two tasks would differ in terms of enhancing learners' knowled...

The highly specific relationships between parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) receptive fields in Purkinje cells and interneurons suggest that normal PF receptive fields are established by CF-specific plasticity. To test this idea, we used PF stimulation that was either paired or unpaired with CF activity. Conspicuously, unpaired PF stimulation that induced long-lasting, very large incr...