all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

This essay focuses on metadiscourse, a name for elements of texts that convey meanings other than  those  that  are  primarily  referential.    The  essay  provides  some  theoretical  background  to the  study  of  metadiscourse,  briefly  reviews  a  taxonomy  of  metadiscourse,  and  explores  four reasons why the study of metadiscourse is interesting and important: (a) Such study shows how ...

conclusion with thorough technical knowledge and an adequate learning curve, pra could serve as the surgeon’s preferred surgical approach to the adrenal gland within the confines of its selection criteria. background since the early 1990s, endoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard surgical approach for the adrenal gland. also, lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy (lta) which is the...

abstract background and objective: proficiency testing schemes as a part of quality system in clinical and research laboratory centers provides the opportunity to evaluate the quality of test results. in this paper, we try to introduce the proficiency testing schemes as a useful method for achieving standardization and homogenization of test results in clinical and research laboratory centers. ...

Background subtraction is a widely used technique for detecting moving objects in image sequences. Very often background subtraction approaches assume the availability of one or more clear frames (i.e., without foreground objects) at the beginning of the image sequence in input. This strong assumption is not always correct, especially when dealing with dynamic background. In this paper, we pres...

Change detection by background subtraction is a common approach to detect moving foreground. The resulting difference image is usually thresholded to obtain objects based on pixel connectedness and resulting blob objects are subsequently tracked. This paper proposes a detection approach not requiring the binarization of the difference image. Local density maxima in the difference image usually ...

Local sea-level changes differ significantly from global-mean sea-level change as a result of (1) non-climatic, geological background processes; (2) atmosphere/ocean dynamics; and (3) the gravitational, elastic, and rotational “fingerprint” effects of ice and ocean mass redistribution. Though the research communities working on these different effects each have a long history, the integration o...

The basis for the high-level interpretation of observed patterns of human motion still relies on motion segmentation. Popular approaches based on background subtraction use colour information to model each pixel during a training period. Nevertheless, a deep analysis on colour segmentation problems demonstrates that colour segmentation is not enough to detect all foreground objects in the image...