A study of the impact of coin8urance on phye& ciun 2li8it8, physician expense, ancillary 8e?YJiCe8, and ancillary services eopense. When a SQ-percent coinsurance rate was introduced to the Palo Alto Group Health Plan, the members’ demand for me&al care wa8 significantly reduced, other thing8 remaining the 8ame. Th,i8 study differ8 from the preceding article in that it hold8 all other oariableo ...

Statistics from the 1978 survey of the National Inventory of Family Planning Services are presented on demographic and institutional characteristics of service sites that provide medical and nonmedical family plannlng services. Data are given on the physical location of the service sites, their operating responsibility, the number of patients served, medical and ancillary services provided, and...

In this paper the problems of market monitoring and control of ancillary services of a future energy systems are presented. We envision that future system operation of electric power systems will evolve into completely unbundled ancillary service markets that are governed by spot price signals. The grid operators need to acquire ancillary services through competitive markets for control of the ...

Batteries can be used to provide ancillary services, such as primary frequency response. However, their energy capacity is limited. Therefore, set-point adjustments are necessary and the energy for this has still to be provided by power-plants that do not face energy constraints. This paper investigates various aspects of and potential benefits for power system operation and stability, if energ...

As wind energy becomes a larger portion of the world’s energy portfolio there has been an increased interest for wind turbines to control their active power output to provide ancillary services which support grid reliability. One of these ancillary services is the provision of frequency regulation, also re­ ferred to as secondary frequency control or automatic generation control (AGC), which is...

The integration of renewable wind and pumped storage with thermal power generation allows for dispatch of wind energy by generation companies (GENCOs) interested in participation in energy and ancillary services markets. However, to realize the maximum economic profit, optimal coordination and accounting for reduction in cost for environmental emission is necessary. The goal of this study is to...

This paper integrates Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to propose a DPSO-SQP method for solving unit commitment problems ancillary services. Through analysis of services, including Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Real Spinning Reserve (RSR), Supplemental (SR), the cost model was developed. With requirements energy balance, operating cons...