Medical history explains that Persian physicians used scientific methods based on clinical experiences and observations for treatment from pre-Islamic time (before 637 AD) and centuries later (in the Islamic era). Rhazes was one of the Persian physicians acknowledged as a pharmacist, chemist and prominent scientific writer on various subjects of medicine and philosophy. In this study, we aimed ...

Although the connection between head and stomach and hence the condition known as "gastric headache" was well known to the ancients, it has received little attention since the early 20th century. Herein, we review the teachings of the medieval Persian physicians about the gastric headache along with the related signs, symptoms, types and causes. The medieval Persian scholars adopted the main id...

The nature of psychic life, the anatomical seat of cognitive, motor and sensory functions, and the origin of neurological diseases were broadly debated by ancient Greek scientists since the earliest times. Within a few centuries, speculation of philosophers and physicians laid to foundations of modern experimental and clinical neuroscience. In this review we shall present the most important Gre...

Ethnopharmacology investigations classically involved traditional healers, botanists, anthropologists, chemists and pharmacologists. The role of some groups of researchers but not of physician has been highlighted and well defined in ethnopharmacological investigations. Historical data shows that discovery of several important modern drugs of herbal origin owe to the medical knowledge and clini...

In ancient days, Physicians having the comprehensive knowledge of Bhaishajya Kalpana, used to prepare the drugs themselves to treat their patients. So there was no doubt in obtaining genuine drug with desired therapeutic effect. But in recent years, the growing population and their life style, industrialization etc have forced physicians to depend on market preparations. As such we find the nec...

Despite the great progress in modern medicine, traditional medicine has always been practised in the Arab-Islamic world. Cultural beliefs and practices often lead to self-care or home remedies in rural areas and consultation with traditional healers. Traditional therapies have been utilized by people in the Mediterranean region who have faith in spiritual healers, homeopaths or even many herbal...

Background and Aim: Medical concepts can be studied in language and literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the term"pezeshk" and"medical terminology” in ancient Iran, in Persian language and literature, and in Mashreqi Shirazi poems. Materials and Methods: This research has been done by reviewing and studying three articles, three databases, and about fifteen books. Since the ...

correct way to practice medicine. According to them, their specialty is a combination of internal medicine, minor surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics, obstetrics, and gynecology, thus providing a patchwork of medical care. But a patchwork of medical care is only one side of family medicine, not a specialty. However some family physicians who have studied in North America or Europe insist that Japa...

in the modern medical era sudden cardiac death and its causes among athletes have been described. finding appropriate preventive ways from this tragic event is so important in sports medicine. according to different trials and observations, there are numerous reasons and some preventive strategies. historically, sudden cardiac death among athletes had been described several hundred years ago by...