kawasaki disease (kd) is an inflammatory multiorgan disease of unknown etiology. the most dramatic organ involved is the heart. there were a few studies about cardiac involvement and sterile pyuria. this study guides to determine if sterile pyuria is associated with coronary artery aneurysm (caa) in kd patients and to consider it as a predicting factor for coronary artery involvement. forty sev...

large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

In this review, we examine how the specialized "Kranz" anatomy of C4 photosynthesis evolved from C3 ancestors. Kranz anatomy refers to the wreath-like structural traits that compartmentalize the biochemistry of C4 photosynthesis and enables the concentration of CO2 around Rubisco. A simplified version of Kranz anatomy is also present in the species that utilize C2 photosynthesis, where a photor...

Knowledge of morphometric quantities of coronary arteries in infants is an increasingly vital component in managing congenital and acquired heart disease. Because of considerable heterogeneity of coronary vasculature, what is considered atypical and aberrant or insignificant anatomy is often unclear. The purpose of our present study is to define normal infant anatomy. This was done by focu...

We present a case of a patient who presented with chest pain, and on diagnostic coronary angiography appeared to have a grossly angulated yet significant coronary stenosis. This was proven to be an artefactual appearance on further assessment with intravascular ultrasound imaging. We describe the causes and associations of coronary tortuosity with other arteriopathy, and highlight challenges in...

Objectives- To provide a reference anatomy of the thoracic cavity vessels of the Rayini goat by using Computed tomography. Design- Experimented study. Animals- Five healthy Rayini goat. Procedures- Spiral CT images (with and without contrast media) were acquired from the thoracic region perpendicular to long axis of the body. CT windows were adjusted as necessary to have optimized images of ...

Despite the remarkable advances in revascularization strategies made during the last decade, a significant proportion of patients are excluded from either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting because of unsuitable coronary anatomy. Diffuse severe coronary artery disease, small vessel caliber, chronic total occlusions, or extremely calcified vessels are frequent ...

Metabolic cardiac imaging with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) has been established as the diagnostic and prognostic gold standard. This is usually combined with a perfusion scan, as the classical diagnostic finding is the so-called flow–metabolism mismatch (low flow, preserved FDG uptake). Hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission comp...

coronary heart disease has been one of the main threats of human health. coronary angiography is taken as the “gold standard” for the assessment of coronary artery disease. but sometimes, the images are difficult to interpret visually because of the crossing and overlapping of the vessels in the angiograms. vessel extraction from x-ray angiograms has been a challenging problem for several years...

According to current anatomy, the arteries and veins do not have threadlike structures running inside the vessels. Despite such prevailing knowledge here we report on observation of a novel structure inside the blood vessels of rats and rabbits, which is a semi-transparent elastic bundle of tubules whose diameters are of 10μm order. This is a rediscovery of the Bong Han ducts1,2 which have not ...