The concept of a competitive enzyme immunoassay that utilizes simultaneously the bound and the free analyte-enzyme conjugate (heterobifunctional conjugate) for signal generation in response to varying analyte concentrations in samples has been investigated. Two antigenic sites of the heterobifunctional conjugate are used in the assay for binding to immunoglobulins: the analyte derivative binds ...

To investigate analyte consumption during the laser desorption process, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is combined with radionuclide detection. Radionuclide detection provides highly sensitive and quantitative information on the amount of radiolabeled analytes in a MALDI MS sample spot. 14C-Labeled cytochrome c is deposited with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic aci...

BACKGROUND Isotope dilution LC-MS/MS methods used in the clinical laboratory typically involve multi-point external calibration in each analytical series. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that determination of target analyte concentrations directly derived from the relation of the target analyte peak area to the peak area of a corresponding stable isotope labelled internal standard compound [...

The identification of binding partners of proteins by mass spectrometry following specific capture on a biosensor surface is a promising tool for proteomics research and the identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions. Previous approaches include the direct ionization of analyte from the biosensor chip on a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass ...

The two principal determining steps in molecular diagnosis are the amplification and the identification steps. Accuracy of DNA amplification is primarily determined by the annealing sequence of the PCR primer to the analyte DNA. Accuracy for identification is determined either by the annealing region of a labelled probe for the real time PCR analysis, or the annealing of a sequencing primer for...

Microarray-based sandwich immunoassays can simultaneously detect dozens of proteins. However, their use in quantifying large numbers of proteins is hampered by cross-reactivity and incompatibilities caused by the immunoassays themselves. Sequential multiplex analyte capturing addresses these problems by repeatedly probing the same sample with different sets of antibody-coated, magnetic suspensi...

Effective analyte delivery is essential to achieve rapid and sensitive biodetection systems. In this article, we present an actively controlled fluidic system integrated with a suspended plasmonic nanohole sensor to achieve superior analyte delivery efficiency and ultrafast sensor response, as compared to conventional fluidic systems. 70 nm sized virus like analyte solution is used to experimen...

Using a modified "two-site" immunoradiometric assay, termed an "interference assay," we have demonstrated the occurrence of non-analyte antibody-binding substances in approximately 40% of serum samples. These substances multivalently bind antibodies from any of several species at a site other than the antigen-binding site. Using a two-site immunoradiometric assay for human choriogonadotropin, w...

Analyte isolation is an important process that spans a range of biomedical disciplines, including diagnostics, research, and forensics. While downstream analytical techniques have advanced in terms of both capability and throughput, analyte isolation technology has lagged behind, increasingly becoming the bottleneck in these processes. Thus, there exists a need for simple, fast, and easy to int...

Microelectrode amperometric biosensors are widely used to measure concentrations of analytes in solution and tissue including acetylcholine, adenosine, glucose, and glutamate. A great deal of experimental and modeling effort has been directed at quantifying the response of the biosensors themselves; however, the influence that the macroscopic tissue environment has on biosensor response has not...