A series of experiments has been carried out with single doses of simple analgesics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a consistent polyad design. This method proved to be both valid and useful. Pain relief scores were a better measure of the effectiveness of analgesics than preference.Aspirin, Codis, and Distalgesic were the most effective analgesics tested, with paracetamol, pentazoc...

Patient phenotypes in pharmacological pain treatment varies between individuals, which could be partly assigned to their genotypes regarding the targets of classical analgesics (OPRM1, PTGS2) or associated signalling pathways (KCNJ6). Translational and genetic research have identified new targets, for which new analgesics are being developed. This addresses voltage-gated sodium, calcium and pot...

Pain is a protective warning sign activated by tissue damage during different pathological processes. The clinical manifestation of pain is individual, multifactorial and very complex and requires the implementation of sound pharmacological approaches. The treatment of odontogenic pain is focused not only in the relief of pain but also in the suppression of causes of pain, mainly the inflammati...

Evidence-Based Answer No differences in efficacy for pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis have been found in direct comparisons of nonselective, selective, and partially selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is modestly inferior to NSAIDs for pain relief. Among topical formulations, diclofenac is comparable to oral NSAIDs for treating localized osteoarthrit...

A complete Works Cited list begins on page 32. Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement. Faculty Richard L. Wynn, BSPharm, PhD, is the lead author of Lexi-Comp’s Drug Information Handbook for Dentistry, now in its 9th edition, a recognized reference source in dentistry in North America. He is the recognized authority in the use of drugs in dental practice, and his credibilit...

Recent introduction of new analgesics into the clinic is best described as a slow process with activity classified into two main areas: improving analgesic efficacy/potency and reducing side-effect profile. This review article describes some of the recent advances with an emphasis on use in the acute setting. In this respect, opioids continue to be the mainstay (but not the only) analgesic and ...

Topical analgesics can be defined as topical formulations containing analgesics or co-analgesics. Since 2000, interest in such formulations has been on the rise. There are, however, four critical issues in the research and development phases of topical analgesics: 1) The selection of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Analgesics and co-analgesics differ greatly in their mechanism of action, ...