Na depletion inhibits electroneutral Na-Cl absorption in intact tissues and Na/H exchange in apical membrane vesicles (AMV) of rat distal colon. Two anion (Cl/HCO3 and Cl/OH) exchanges have been identified in AMV from surface cells of rat distal colon. To determine whether Cl/HCO3 and/or Cl/OH exchange is responsible for vectorial Cl movement, this study examined the spatial distribution and th...

Verified and efficient representations of knee ligamentous constraints are essential to forward-dynamic models for prediction of knee mechanics. The objectives of this study were to develop an efficient probabilistic representation of knee ligamentous constraint using the advanced mean value (AMV) probabilistic approach, and to compare the AMV representation with the gold standard Monte Carlo (...

With rapid developments in mobile and pervasive computing and wireless networking, we will virtually become more connected than ever, providing an opportunity to continually and concurrently engage in (whether for several seconds or years at a time) and move among electronic communities. The mobile and pervasive devices become doorways to these pervasive communities. This position paper discuss...

Aspartic retroviral proteases play an important role in the processing of viral polyproteins into mature functional proteins1}. An inhibitor of avian myeloblastosis virus protease (AMV-protease) could be a possible candidate for antiviral-therapy and could be used, for example, as an anti-HIV agent2). In the course of screening for AMV-protease inhibitors, we discovered Mer-NF5003B, E and F, no...

We previously showed that the movement protein (MP) gene of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Brome mosaic virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Cucumber mosaic virus and Cowpea mosaic virus. We have analysed the capacity of the heterologous MPs to systemically transport the correspon...

Promoter regions required for minus-strand and subgenomic RNA synthesis have been mapped for several plus-strand RNA viruses. In general, the two types of promoters do not share structural features even though they are recognized by the same viral polymerase. The minus-strand promoter of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), a plant virus of the family Bromoviridae, consists of a triloop hairpin (hpE) wh...

Abstract The influence of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) on North storm track and eddy-driven jet in winter season is assessed via a coordinated analysis idealized simulations with state-of-the-art coupled models. Data used are obtained from multimodel ensemble AMV± experiments conducted framework Decadal Climate Prediction Project component C. These performed by nudging surface Oc...

Early full-term pregnancy affords lifetime protection against the development of breast cancer. Parityinduced protection can be reproduced in a carcinogeninduced rat mammary carcinoma model, but the molecular mechanisms of this protection against carcinogenic stimuli in rat mammary glands have not been fully characterized. To gain a better understanding of these molecular mechanisms, we used an...

We determined the effect of varying ventilator tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory flow (V) on the inspiratory muscle work (WI) during assist-mode mechanical ventilation (AMV) in four healthy subjects. In another four subjects, under constant chemoreceptor input, we determined the responses of neuromuscular output as assessed by the mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) to alteration in WI. During AMV,...

The use of portable metabolic carts to assess energy expenditure (EE) by measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) has recently been applied to patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation. The VO2 and EE can be used to estimate changes in the work of breathing (WOB) associated with different weaning strategies. The purpose of this study was to use VO2 a...