New blind digital watermarking schemes that are optimized for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) attacks have been developed by several research groups within the last two years. Currently, the most ef£cient schemes, e.g., the scalar Costa scheme (SCS), involve scalar quantization of the host signal during watermarking embedding and watermark reception. Reliable watermark reception for these ...

New blind digital watermarking schemes that are optimized for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) attacks have been developed by several research groups within the last two years. Currently, the most efficient schemes, e.g., the scalar Costa scheme (SCS), involve scalar quantization of the host signal during watermarking embedding and watermark reception. Reliable watermark reception for these...

Quantization-based watermarking schemes are vulnerable to amplitude scaling. Therefore the scaling factor has to be accounted for either at the encoder, or at the decoder, prior to watermark decoding. In this paper we derive the marginal probability density model for the watermarked and attacked data, when the attack channel consists of amplitude scaling followed by additive noise. The encoder ...

The estimation of the amplitude of a sinewave using traditional sine fitting algorithms which are based on square error minimization is biased in the presence of additive noise contrary to what happens generally in linear regression problems. An approximate closed form expression for the estimation error as a function of sinewave amplitude, additive noise standard deviation and number of data p...

This paper presents a technique for high-accuracy estimation of image rotation using 1D Phase-Only Correlation (POC). The rotation angle between two images is estimated as follows: (i) compute the amplitude spectra of the given images, (ii) transform the coordinate system of amplitude spectra from Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates, and (iii) estimate the translational displacement betw...

The economic and environmental losses due to serious leakage in the urban water supply network have increased the effort to control the water leakage. However, current methods for leakage estimation are inaccurate leading to the development of ineffective leakage controls. Therefore, this study proposes a method based on the blind source separation theory (BSS) to calculate the leakage of water...

A method for the single trial estimation of the evoked potentials is presented. The method is based on the regularized least squares scheme. An approach to single trial estimation of multi channel evoked potentials is derived by applying additional information of the spatial correlation of the channels to the estimation. Amplitude estimates obtained with these methods are compared. The performa...

This paper develops an estimation algorithm for the time and amplitude of arrival of a known transmitted sequence over a single-path fading channel. The algorithm is optimized to enhance robustness to fast channel fading and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, which are common in wireless location applications. The paper also presents a noise and fading bias correction technique for amp...

In this study, a mathematical model is developed based on algebraic equations which is capable of generating artificially normal events of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals such as P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave. This model can also be implemented for the simulation of abnormal phenomena of electrocardiographic signals such as ST-segment episodes (i.e. depression, elevation, and sloped ascending...

We determine the bit-error rate (BER) of multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in flat Rayleigh fading with imperfect channel estimates. Despite its high spectral efficiency, M-QAM is not commonly used over fading channels because of the channel amplitude and phase variation. Since the decision regions of the demodulator depend on the channel fading, estimation error of the channel...