This article will explain the educational movement and political policy in era of caliphs Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Umar ibn Khattab, Uthman 'Affan Ali Abi Talib. Of four caliphs, many education systems still follow learning model kuttab mosques. The strategy is strongly influenced by teaching strategies Prophet Muhammad SAW first. main material about faith Allah, Koran reading writing. Until leaders...

abbasid era is one of the most precious ears among islamic literature ones. taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on the contrary, there were lots of famous literati who have endeavored in favor of promulgation of social and human values such as abota...

â â â â â  bashar b. burd's atheism: reality or politics? â  â seyyed mohammad javad moosavi bafrooi * â  â abstract â many historical events demand more reflection. one of such cases is bashshar b. burd about whom there are different opinions. some people believe that he was killed because of the accusation of being atheist. however, because of the following reasons, it seems that such a ...